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49.7c34.2-11.8 61.2 31 35.5 56.7-26.5 26.5-70.2-2.9-56-37.3L240.3 199v121.9c25.3 12.5 22.3 41.8 9.1 55-6.4 6.4-15.2 10.1-24.3 10.1s-17.8-3.6-24.3-10.1c-17.6-17.6-11.1-46.9 11.2-56v-123c-20.8-8.5-24.6-30.7-18.6-45L142.6 101 8.5 235.1C3 240.6 0 247.9 0 255.5s3 15 8.5 20.4l195.6 195.7c5.4 5.4 12.7 8.4 20.4 8.4s15-3 20.4-8.4l194.7-194.7c5.4-5.4 8.4-12.8 8.4-20.4s-3-15-8.4-20.4"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-source__repository> pwndbg/pwndbg </div> </a> </div> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=.. class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Home </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../setup/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Setup </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../features/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Features </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a 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href=../commands/breakpoint/break-if-not-taken/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Break if not taken </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/breakpoint/break-if-taken/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Break if taken </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/breakpoint/breakrva/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Breakrva </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/breakpoint/ignore/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ignore </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_3> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_3 id=__nav_4_3_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Context </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Context </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/context/context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Context </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/context/contextnext/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextnext </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/context/contextoutput/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextoutput </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/context/contextprev/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextprev </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/context/contextsearch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextsearch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/context/contextunwatch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextunwatch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/context/contextwatch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextwatch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/context/regs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Regs </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_4 id=__nav_4_4_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Darwin libsystem mach o </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Darwin libsystem mach o </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/darwin_libsystem_mach-o/commpage/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Commpage </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_5> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_5 id=__nav_4_5_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Developer </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Developer </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/developer/dev-dump-instruction/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dev dump instruction </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/developer/log-level/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Log level </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_6> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_6 id=__nav_4_6_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Disassemble </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_6_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_6> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Disassemble </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/disassemble/emulate/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Emulate </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/disassemble/nearpc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nearpc </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_7> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_7 id=__nav_4_7_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Glibc ptmalloc2 heap </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_7_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_7> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Glibc ptmalloc2 heap </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/arena/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Arena </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/arenas/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Arenas </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/bins/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bins </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/fastbins/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Fastbins </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/find-fake-fast/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Find fake fast </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/heap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Heap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/hi/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Hi </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/largebins/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Largebins </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/malloc-chunk/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Malloc chunk </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/mp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/smallbins/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Smallbins </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/tcache/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tcache </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/tcachebins/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tcachebins </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/top-chunk/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Top chunk </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/try-free/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Try free </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/unsortedbin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Unsortedbin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/vis-heap-chunks/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vis heap chunks </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_8> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_8 id=__nav_4_8_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Integrations </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_8_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_8> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Integrations </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/integrations/ai/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ai </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/integrations/bn-sync/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bn sync </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/integrations/decomp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Decomp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/integrations/j/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> J </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/integrations/r2/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> R2 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/integrations/r2pipe/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> R2pipe </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/integrations/rop/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Rop </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/integrations/ropper/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ropper </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/integrations/rz/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Rz </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/integrations/rzpipe/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Rzpipe </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/integrations/save-ida/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Save ida </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_9> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_9 id=__nav_4_9_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Jemalloc heap </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_9_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_9> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Jemalloc heap </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/jemalloc_heap/jemalloc-extent-info/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Jemalloc extent info </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/jemalloc_heap/jemalloc-find-extent/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Jemalloc find extent </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/jemalloc_heap/jemalloc-heap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Jemalloc heap </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_10> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_10 id=__nav_4_10_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kernel </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_10_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_10> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Kernel </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/binder/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binder </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/buddydump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Buddydump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/kbase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kbase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/kbpf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kbpf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/kchecksec/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kchecksec </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/kcmdline/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kcmdline </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/kconfig/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kconfig </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/kdmabuf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kdmabuf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/kdmesg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kdmesg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/klookup/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Klookup </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/kmod/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kmod </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/knft-dump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft dump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/knft-list-chains/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list chains </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/knft-list-exprs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list exprs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/knft-list-flowtables/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list flowtables </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/knft-list-objects/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list objects </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/knft-list-rules/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list rules </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/knft-list-sets/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list sets </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/knft-list-tables/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list tables </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/ksyscalls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ksyscalls </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/ktask/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ktask </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/kversion/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kversion </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/msr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Msr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/p2v/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> P2v </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/pageinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pageinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/pagewalk/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pagewalk </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/slab/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Slab </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/kernel/v2p/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> V2p </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_11> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_11 id=__nav_4_11_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Linux libc elf </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_11_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_11> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Linux libc elf </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/argc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Argc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/argv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Argv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/aslr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Aslr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/auxv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Auxv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/auxv-explore/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Auxv explore </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/elfsections/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Elfsections </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/envp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Envp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/errno/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Errno </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/got/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Got </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/gotplt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Gotplt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/libcinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Libcinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/linkmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Linkmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/onegadget/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Onegadget </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/parse-seccomp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parse seccomp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/piebase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Piebase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/plt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Plt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/strings/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Strings </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/threads/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Threads </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/tls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tls </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/track-got/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Track got </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/linux_libc_elf/track-heap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Track heap </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_12> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_12 id=__nav_4_12_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Memory </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_12_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_12> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Memory </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/distance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Distance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/dump-register-frame/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dump register frame </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/gdt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Gdt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/go-dump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Go dump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/go-type/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Go type </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/hexdump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Hexdump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/leakfind/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Leakfind </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/memfrob/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Memfrob </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/mmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/mprotect/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mprotect </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/p2p/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> P2p </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/probeleak/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Probeleak </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/search/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Search </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/telescope/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Telescope </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/vmmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vmmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/vmmap-add/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vmmap add </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/vmmap-clear/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vmmap clear </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/vmmap-explore/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vmmap explore </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/xinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Xinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/memory/xor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Xor </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_13> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_13 id=__nav_4_13_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Misc </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_13_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_13> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Misc </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/asm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Asm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/checksec/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Checksec </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/comm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Comm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/cyclic/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Cyclic </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/cymbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Cymbol </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/down/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Down </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/dt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/dumpargs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dumpargs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/getfile/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Getfile </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/hex2ptr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Hex2ptr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/hijack-fd/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Hijack fd </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/ipi/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ipi </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/patch-list/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Patch list </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/patch-revert/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Patch revert </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/plist/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Plist </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/sigreturn/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Sigreturn </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/spray/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Spray </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/tips/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tips </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/up/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Up </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/valist/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Valist </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/misc/vmmap-load/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vmmap load </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_14> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_14 id=__nav_4_14_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Musl </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_14_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_14> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Musl </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/musl/mallocng-dump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng dump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/musl/mallocng-explain/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng explain </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/musl/mallocng-find/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng find </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/musl/mallocng-group/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng group </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/musl/mallocng-malloc-context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng malloc context </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/musl/mallocng-meta/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng meta </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/musl/mallocng-meta-area/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng meta area </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/musl/mallocng-slot-start/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng slot start </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/musl/mallocng-slot-user/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng slot user </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/musl/mallocng-visualize-slots/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng visualize slots </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_15> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_15 id=__nav_4_15_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Process </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_15_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_15> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Process </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/process/killthreads/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Killthreads </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/process/pid/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pid </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/process/procinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Procinfo </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_16> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_16 id=__nav_4_16_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pwndbg </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_16_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_16> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Pwndbg </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/bugreport/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bugreport </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/configfile/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Configfile </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/heap-config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Heap config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/memoize/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Memoize </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/profiler/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Profiler </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/pwndbg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pwndbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/reinit-pwndbg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Reinit pwndbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/reload/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Reload </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/theme/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Theme </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/themefile/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Themefile </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/pwndbg/version/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Version </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_17> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_17 id=__nav_4_17_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Register </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_17_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_17> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Register </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/register/cpsr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Cpsr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/register/fsbase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Fsbase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/register/gsbase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Gsbase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/register/setflag/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Setflag </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_18> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_18 id=__nav_4_18_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stack </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_18_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_18> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Stack </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/stack/canary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Canary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/stack/retaddr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Retaddr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/stack/stack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/stack/stack-explore/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stack explore </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/stack/stackf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stackf </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_19> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_19 id=__nav_4_19_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Start </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_19_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_19> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Start </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/start/attachp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Attachp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/start/entry/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Entry </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/start/sstart/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Sstart </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/start/start/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Start </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_20> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_20 id=__nav_4_20_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step next continue </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_20_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_20> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Step next continue </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/step_next_continue/nextcall/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nextcall </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/step_next_continue/nextjmp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nextjmp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/step_next_continue/nextproginstr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nextproginstr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/step_next_continue/nextret/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nextret </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/step_next_continue/nextsyscall/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nextsyscall </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/step_next_continue/stepover/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stepover </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/step_next_continue/stepret/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stepret </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/step_next_continue/stepsyscall/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stepsyscall </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/step_next_continue/stepuntilasm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stepuntilasm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/step_next_continue/xuntil/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Xuntil </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_21> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_21 id=__nav_4_21_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Windbg </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_21_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_21> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Windbg </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/bc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/bd/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bd </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/be/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Be </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/bl/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bl </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/bp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/da/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Da </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/db/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Db </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/dc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/dd/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dd </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/dds/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dds </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/dq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dq </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/ds/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ds </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/dw/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dw </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/eb/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Eb </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/ed/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ed </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Eq </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/ew/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ew </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/ez/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ez </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/eza/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Eza </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/go/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Go </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/k/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> K </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/ln/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ln </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/pc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../commands/windbg/peb/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Peb </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5 checked> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=./ class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> <span class=md-ellipsis> Functions </span> </a> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_label aria-expanded=true> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Functions </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_6> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../configuration/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Configuration </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_6 id=__nav_6_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_6_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_6> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Configuration </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../configuration/config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../configuration/heap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Heap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../configuration/theme/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Theme </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_7> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../contributing/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contributing </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_7 id=__nav_7_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_7_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_7> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Contributing </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../contributing/setup-pwndbg-dev/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Setup Pwndbg for Development </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../contributing/dev-notes/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Developer Notes </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../contributing/writing-tests/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Writing Tests </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../contributing/adding-a-command/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Adding a Command </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../contributing/adding-a-parameter/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Adding a Configuration Option </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../contributing/improving-annotations/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Improving Annotations </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../contributing/making-a-gif/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Making a Pwndbg gif </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_8> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_8 id=__nav_8_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tutorials </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_8_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_8> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Tutorials </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../tutorials/env-vars/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Env vars </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../tutorials/gdb-lldb-commands/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> GDB vs LLDB </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../tutorials/gdb-tui/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> GDB TUI </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../tutorials/go-debugging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Debugging Go with Pwndbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../tutorials/packaging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Packaging Pwndbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../tutorials/pwndbg-users/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pwndbg in the wild </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../tutorials/pycharm-debugging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Debugging with PyCharm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../tutorials/splitting-the-context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Splitting / Layouting Context </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_8_9> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_8_9 id=__nav_8_9_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Decompiler integration </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_8_9_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_8_9> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Decompiler integration </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../tutorials/decompiler-integration/binja-integration/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binary Ninja </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../tutorials/decompiler-integration/ghidra-integration/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ghidra </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../tutorials/decompiler-integration/ida-integration/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> IDA </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_9 id=__nav_9_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Reference </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Reference </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> pwndbg </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1 id=__nav_9_1_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> pwndbg </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/arguments/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> arguments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/auxv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> auxv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/chain/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> chain </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/decorators/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> decorators </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/enhance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> enhance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/exception/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> exception </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/ghidra/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ghidra </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/glibc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> glibc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/hexdump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hexdump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/log/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> log </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/profiling/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> profiling </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/radare2/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> radare2 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/rizin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rizin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/search/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> search </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/ui/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ui </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_17> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> aglib </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_17 id=__nav_9_1_17_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_17_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_17> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> aglib </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/arch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> arch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/argv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> argv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/asm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> asm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/commpage/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> commpage </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/ctypes/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ctypes </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/dt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/dynamic/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dynamic </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/elf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> elf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/file/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> file </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/godbg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> godbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/macho/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> macho </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/memory/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> memory </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/nearpc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> nearpc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/next/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> next </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/objc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> objc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/onegadget/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> onegadget </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/proc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> proc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/qemu/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> qemu </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/regs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> regs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/remote/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> remote </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/saved_register_frames/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> saved_register_frames </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/shellcode/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> shellcode </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/stack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> stack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/strings/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> strings </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/symbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> symbol </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/tls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> tls </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/typeinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> typeinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/vmmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> vmmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/vmmap_custom/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> vmmap_custom </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_17_31> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> disasm </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_17_31 id=__nav_9_1_17_31_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_17_31_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_17_31> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> disasm </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/aarch64/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> aarch64 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/arch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> arch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/arm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> arm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/disassembly/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> disassembly </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/instruction/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> instruction </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/loongarch64/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> loongarch64 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/mips/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> mips </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/ppc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ppc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/riscv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> riscv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/sparc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> sparc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/x86/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> x86 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_17_32> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> heap </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_17_32 id=__nav_9_1_17_32_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_17_32_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_17_32> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> heap </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/heap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> heap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/jemalloc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> jemalloc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/mallocng/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> mallocng </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/ptmalloc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ptmalloc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/structs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> structs </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_17_33> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> kernel </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_17_33 id=__nav_9_1_17_33_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_17_33_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_17_33> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> kernel </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/bpf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> bpf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/buddydump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> buddydump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/dmabuf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dmabuf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/kallsyms/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kallsyms </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/kmod/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kmod </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/macros/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> macros </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/nftables/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> nftables </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/paging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> paging </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/rbtree/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rbtree </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/slab/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> slab </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/symbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> symbol </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/vmmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> vmmap </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_18> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/color/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> color </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_18 id=__nav_9_1_18_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_18_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_18> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> color </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/color/context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> context </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/color/disasm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> disasm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/color/enhance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> enhance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/color/hexdump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hexdump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/color/memory/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> memory </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/color/message/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> message </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/color/syntax_highlight/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> syntax_highlight </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/color/telescope/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> telescope </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/color/theme/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> theme </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_19> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> commands </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_19 id=__nav_9_1_19_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_19_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_19> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> commands </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/ai/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ai </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/argv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> argv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/aslr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> aslr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/asm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> asm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/attachp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> attachp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/auxv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> auxv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/binder/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binder </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/binja/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binja </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/binja_functions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binja_functions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/branch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> branch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/buddydump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> buddydump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/canary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> canary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/checksec/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> checksec </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/comments/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> comments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/commpage/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> commpage </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> context </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/cpsr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cpsr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/cyclic/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cyclic </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/cymbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cymbol </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/dev/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dev </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/distance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> distance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/dt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/dumpargs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dumpargs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/elf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> elf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/flags/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> flags </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/gdt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> gdt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/ghidra/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ghidra </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/godbg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> godbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/got/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> got </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/got_tracking/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> got_tracking </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/hex2ptr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hex2ptr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/hexdump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hexdump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/hijack_fd/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hijack_fd </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/ida/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ida </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/ignore/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ignore </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/integration/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> integration </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/ipython_interactive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ipython_interactive </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/jemalloc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> jemalloc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/kbase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kbase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/kbpf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kbpf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/kchecksec/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kchecksec </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/kcmdline/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kcmdline </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/kconfig/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kconfig </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/kdmabuf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kdmabuf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/kdmesg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kdmesg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/killthreads/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> killthreads </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/klookup/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> klookup </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/kmod/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kmod </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/knft/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> knft </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/ksyscalls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ksyscalls </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/ktask/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ktask </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/kversion/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kversion </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/leakfind/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> leakfind </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/libcinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> libcinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/linkmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> linkmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/mallocng/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> mallocng </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/memoize/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> memoize </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/misc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> misc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/mmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> mmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/mprotect/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> mprotect </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/msr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> msr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/nearpc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> nearpc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/next/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> next </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/onegadget/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> onegadget </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/p2p/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> p2p </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/paging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> paging </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/parse_seccomp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_seccomp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/peda/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> peda </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/pie/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pie </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/plist/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> plist </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/probeleak/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> probeleak </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/procinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> procinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/profiler/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> profiler </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/ptmalloc2/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ptmalloc2 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/ptmalloc2_tracking/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ptmalloc2_tracking </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/radare2/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> radare2 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/reload/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> reload </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/retaddr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> retaddr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/rizin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rizin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/rop/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rop </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/ropper/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ropper </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/saved_register_frames/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> saved_register_frames </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/search/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> search </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/segments/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> segments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/sigreturn/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> sigreturn </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/slab/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> slab </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/spray/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> spray </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/start/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/strings/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> strings </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/telescope/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> telescope </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/tips/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> tips </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/tls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> tls </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/valist/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> valist </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/version/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> version </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/vmmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> vmmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/windbg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> windbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/xinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> xinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/commands/xor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> xor </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_20> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> dbg </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_20 id=__nav_9_1_20_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_20_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_20> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> dbg </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_20_2> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/gdb/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> gdb </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_20_2 id=__nav_9_1_20_2_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_20_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_20_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> gdb </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/gdb/debug_sym/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> debug_sym </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/gdb/symbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> symbol </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_20_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> lldb </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_20_3 id=__nav_9_1_20_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_20_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_20_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> lldb </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/hooks/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hooks </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/pset/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pset </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/util/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> util </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_20_3_5> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/repl/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> repl </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_20_3_5 id=__nav_9_1_20_3_5_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=5 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_20_3_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_20_3_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> repl </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/repl/fuzzy/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> fuzzy </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/repl/io/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> io </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/repl/proc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> proc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/repl/readline/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> readline </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_21> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/emu/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> emu </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_21 id=__nav_9_1_21_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_21_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_21> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> emu </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/emu/emulator/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> emulator </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_22> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> gdblib </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_22 id=__nav_9_1_22_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_22_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_22> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> gdblib </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/bpoint/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> bpoint </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/events/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> events </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/functions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> functions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/got/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> got </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/hooks/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hooks </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/info/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> info </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/prompt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> prompt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/ptmalloc2_tracking/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ptmalloc2_tracking </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/scheduler/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> scheduler </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/shellcode/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> shellcode </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/symbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> symbol </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/vmmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> vmmap </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_22_15> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/tui/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> tui </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_22_15 id=__nav_9_1_22_15_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_22_15_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_22_15> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> tui </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/tui/context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> context </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/tui/control/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> control </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_23> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/integration/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> integration </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_23 id=__nav_9_1_23_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_23_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_23> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> integration </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/integration/binja/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binja </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/integration/ida/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ida </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_24> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> lib </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_24 id=__nav_9_1_24_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_24_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_24> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> lib </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/abi/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> abi </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/android/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> android </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/arch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> arch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/cache/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cache </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/common/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> common </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/elftypes/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> elftypes </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/exception/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> exception </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/funcparser/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> funcparser </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/functions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> functions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/functions_data/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> functions_data </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/memory/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> memory </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/net/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> net </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/pretty_print/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pretty_print </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/regs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> regs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/stdio/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> stdio </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/strings/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> strings </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/tempfile/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> tempfile </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/tips/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> tips </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/version/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> version </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/which/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> which </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/zig/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> zig </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_24_24> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/disasm/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> disasm </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_24_24 id=__nav_9_1_24_24_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_24_24_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_24_24> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> disasm </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/disasm/helpers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> helpers </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_24_25> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/heap/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> heap </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_24_25 id=__nav_9_1_24_25_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_24_25_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_24_25> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> heap </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/heap/helpers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> helpers </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_24_26> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/kernel/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> kernel </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_24_26 id=__nav_9_1_24_26_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_24_26_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_24_26> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> kernel </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/kernel/kconfig/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kconfig </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/lib/kernel/structs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> structs </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_25> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/wrappers/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> wrappers </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_25 id=__nav_9_1_25_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_25_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_25> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> wrappers </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/wrappers/checksec/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> checksec </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../reference/pwndbg/wrappers/readelf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> readelf </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_10> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../blog/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Blog </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_10 id=__nav_10_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_10_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_10> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Blog </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_10_2> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_10_2 id=__nav_10_2_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Archive </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_10_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_10_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Archive </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../blog/archive/2022/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> 2022 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#pwndbg-functions class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pwndbg functions </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Pwndbg functions"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#argc class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> argc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#argv class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> argv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#base class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> base </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#bn_eval class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> bn_eval </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#bn_sym class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> bn_sym </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#bn_var class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> bn_var </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#environ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> environ </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#envp class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> envp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#fsbase class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> fsbase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#gsbase class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> gsbase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#hex2ptr class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hex2ptr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#ida class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ida </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#rebase class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rebase </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <!-- THIS WHOLE FILE IS AUTOGENERATED. DO NOT MODIFY IT. See scripts/generate-docs.sh --> <h1 id=functions>Functions<a class=headerlink href=#functions title="Permanent link">¤</a></h1> <p>Pwndbg provides a set of functions which can be used during expression evaluation to quickly perform common calculations. These can even be passed to other commands as arguments. Currently, they <strong>only work in gdb</strong>.</p> <p>To see a list of all functions, including those built into GDB, use <code>help function</code>. To see the help of any given function use <code>help function function_name</code>. Function invocation must include a preceding $ sign and must include brackets. For instance, invoke the <code>environ</code> function like so: <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-0-1><a id=__codelineno-0-1 name=__codelineno-0-1 href=#__codelineno-0-1></a>pwndbg> p $environ("LANG")
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</span><span id=__span-0-2><a id=__codelineno-0-2 name=__codelineno-0-2 href=#__codelineno-0-2></a>$2 = (signed char *) 0x7fffffffe6da "LANG=en_US.UTF-8"
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</span></code></pre></div> If the result of the function is being passed to a Pwndbg command, make sure to either escape the function argument's quotes, or put the whole function call in quotes. <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-1-1><a id=__codelineno-1-1 name=__codelineno-1-1 href=#__codelineno-1-1></a>pwndbg> tele $environ("LANG")
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</span><span id=__span-1-2><a id=__codelineno-1-2 name=__codelineno-1-2 href=#__codelineno-1-2></a>usage: telescope [-h] [-r] [-f] [-i] [address] [count]
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</span><span id=__span-1-3><a id=__codelineno-1-3 name=__codelineno-1-3 href=#__codelineno-1-3></a>telescope: error: argument address: debugger couldn't resolve argument '$environ(LANG)':
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</span><span id=__span-1-4><a id=__codelineno-1-4 name=__codelineno-1-4 href=#__codelineno-1-4></a> No symbol "LANG" in current context.
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</span><span id=__span-1-5><a id=__codelineno-1-5 name=__codelineno-1-5 href=#__codelineno-1-5></a>pwndbg> tele $environ(\"LANG\")
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</span><span id=__span-1-6><a id=__codelineno-1-6 name=__codelineno-1-6 href=#__codelineno-1-6></a>00:0000│ 0x7fffffffe6cf ◂— 'LANG=en_US.UTF-8'
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</span><span id=__span-1-7><a id=__codelineno-1-7 name=__codelineno-1-7 href=#__codelineno-1-7></a>01:0008│ 0x7fffffffe6d7 ◂— 'US.UTF-8'
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</span><span id=__span-1-8><a id=__codelineno-1-8 name=__codelineno-1-8 href=#__codelineno-1-8></a>02:0010│ 0x7fffffffe6df ◂— 0x4e49475542454400
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</span><span id=__span-1-9><a id=__codelineno-1-9 name=__codelineno-1-9 href=#__codelineno-1-9></a>[...]
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</span><span id=__span-1-10><a id=__codelineno-1-10 name=__codelineno-1-10 href=#__codelineno-1-10></a>pwndbg> tele '$environ("LANG")'
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</span><span id=__span-1-11><a id=__codelineno-1-11 name=__codelineno-1-11 href=#__codelineno-1-11></a>00:0000│ 0x7fffffffe6cf ◂— 'LANG=en_US.UTF-8'
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</span><span id=__span-1-12><a id=__codelineno-1-12 name=__codelineno-1-12 href=#__codelineno-1-12></a>01:0008│ 0x7fffffffe6d7 ◂— 'US.UTF-8'
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</span><span id=__span-1-13><a id=__codelineno-1-13 name=__codelineno-1-13 href=#__codelineno-1-13></a>02:0010│ 0x7fffffffe6df ◂— 0x4e49475542454400
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</span><span id=__span-1-14><a id=__codelineno-1-14 name=__codelineno-1-14 href=#__codelineno-1-14></a>[...]
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</span></code></pre></div></p> <h2 id=pwndbg-functions>Pwndbg functions<a class=headerlink href=#pwndbg-functions title="Permanent link">¤</a></h2> <h3 id=argc><strong>argc</strong><a class=headerlink href=#argc title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-2-1><a id=__codelineno-2-1 name=__codelineno-2-1 href=#__codelineno-2-1></a><span class=n>argc</span><span class=p>()</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=nb>int</span>
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Get the number of program arguments. Evaluates to argc.</p> <h4 id=example>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-3-1><a id=__codelineno-3-1 name=__codelineno-3-1 href=#__codelineno-3-1></a>pwndbg> p $argc()
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</span><span id=__span-3-2><a id=__codelineno-3-2 name=__codelineno-3-2 href=#__codelineno-3-2></a>$1 = 2
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</span><span id=__span-3-3><a id=__codelineno-3-3 name=__codelineno-3-3 href=#__codelineno-3-3></a>pwndbg> argv
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</span><span id=__span-3-4><a id=__codelineno-3-4 name=__codelineno-3-4 href=#__codelineno-3-4></a>00:0000│ 0x7fffffffe288 —▸ 0x7fffffffe659 ◂— '/usr/bin/cat'
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</span><span id=__span-3-5><a id=__codelineno-3-5 name=__codelineno-3-5 href=#__codelineno-3-5></a>01:0008│ 0x7fffffffe290 —▸ 0x7fffffffe666 ◂— 'gdbinit.py'
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</span><span id=__span-3-6><a id=__codelineno-3-6 name=__codelineno-3-6 href=#__codelineno-3-6></a>02:0010│ 0x7fffffffe298 ◂— 0
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</span></code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id=argv><strong>argv</strong><a class=headerlink href=#argv title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-4-1><a id=__codelineno-4-1 name=__codelineno-4-1 href=#__codelineno-4-1></a><span class=n>argv</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>index</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span>
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Get the n-th program argument. Evaluate argv on the supplied value.</p> <h4 id=example_1>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_1 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-5-1><a id=__codelineno-5-1 name=__codelineno-5-1 href=#__codelineno-5-1></a>pwndbg> p $argv(0)
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</span><span id=__span-5-2><a id=__codelineno-5-2 name=__codelineno-5-2 href=#__codelineno-5-2></a>$11 = (signed char *) 0x7fffffffe666 "/usr/bin/sh"
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</span><span id=__span-5-3><a id=__codelineno-5-3 name=__codelineno-5-3 href=#__codelineno-5-3></a>pwndbg> argv
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</span><span id=__span-5-4><a id=__codelineno-5-4 name=__codelineno-5-4 href=#__codelineno-5-4></a>00:0000│ 0x7fffffffe2a8 —▸ 0x7fffffffe666 ◂— '/usr/bin/sh'
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</span><span id=__span-5-5><a id=__codelineno-5-5 name=__codelineno-5-5 href=#__codelineno-5-5></a>01:0008│ 0x7fffffffe2b0 ◂— 0
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</span></code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id=base><strong>base</strong><a class=headerlink href=#base title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-6-1><a id=__codelineno-6-1 name=__codelineno-6-1 href=#__codelineno-6-1></a><span class=n>base</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>name_pattern</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span> <span class=o>|</span> <span class=nb>str</span><span class=p>)</span>
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Return the base address of the first memory mapping containing the given name.</p> <h4 id=example_2>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_2 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-7-1><a id=__codelineno-7-1 name=__codelineno-7-1 href=#__codelineno-7-1></a>pwndbg> p/x $base("libc")
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</span><span id=__span-7-2><a id=__codelineno-7-2 name=__codelineno-7-2 href=#__codelineno-7-2></a>$4 = 0x7ffff7d4b000
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</span><span id=__span-7-3><a id=__codelineno-7-3 name=__codelineno-7-3 href=#__codelineno-7-3></a>pwndbg> vmmap libc
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</span><span id=__span-7-4><a id=__codelineno-7-4 name=__codelineno-7-4 href=#__codelineno-7-4></a> 0x7ffff7d4a000 0x7ffff7d4b000 rw-p 1000 6e000 /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6.5
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</span><span id=__span-7-5><a id=__codelineno-7-5 name=__codelineno-7-5 href=#__codelineno-7-5></a>► 0x7ffff7d4b000 0x7ffff7d6f000 r--p 24000 0 /usr/lib/libc.so.6
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</span><span id=__span-7-6><a id=__codelineno-7-6 name=__codelineno-7-6 href=#__codelineno-7-6></a>► 0x7ffff7d6f000 0x7ffff7ed6000 r-xp 167000 24000 /usr/lib/libc.so.6
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</span><span id=__span-7-7><a id=__codelineno-7-7 name=__codelineno-7-7 href=#__codelineno-7-7></a>► 0x7ffff7ed6000 0x7ffff7f2b000 r--p 55000 18b000 /usr/lib/libc.so.6
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</span><span id=__span-7-8><a id=__codelineno-7-8 name=__codelineno-7-8 href=#__codelineno-7-8></a>► 0x7ffff7f2b000 0x7ffff7f2f000 r--p 4000 1e0000 /usr/lib/libc.so.6
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</span><span id=__span-7-9><a id=__codelineno-7-9 name=__codelineno-7-9 href=#__codelineno-7-9></a>► 0x7ffff7f2f000 0x7ffff7f31000 rw-p 2000 1e4000 /usr/lib/libc.so.6
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</span><span id=__span-7-10><a id=__codelineno-7-10 name=__codelineno-7-10 href=#__codelineno-7-10></a> 0x7ffff7f31000 0x7ffff7f39000 rw-p 8000 0 [anon_7ffff7f31]
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</span><span id=__span-7-11><a id=__codelineno-7-11 name=__codelineno-7-11 href=#__codelineno-7-11></a>pwndbg> tele $base(\"libc\")+0x1337
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</span><span id=__span-7-12><a id=__codelineno-7-12 name=__codelineno-7-12 href=#__codelineno-7-12></a>00:0000│ 0x7ffff7d4c337 ◂— 0x80480a04214000f0
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</span><span id=__span-7-13><a id=__codelineno-7-13 name=__codelineno-7-13 href=#__codelineno-7-13></a>01:0008│ 0x7ffff7d4c33f ◂— 0x8040c02204452040
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</span><span id=__span-7-14><a id=__codelineno-7-14 name=__codelineno-7-14 href=#__codelineno-7-14></a>02:0010│ 0x7ffff7d4c347 ◂— 0x20042400000200
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</span><span id=__span-7-15><a id=__codelineno-7-15 name=__codelineno-7-15 href=#__codelineno-7-15></a>03:0018│ 0x7ffff7d4c34f ◂— 0x20 /* ' ' */
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</span><span id=__span-7-16><a id=__codelineno-7-16 name=__codelineno-7-16 href=#__codelineno-7-16></a>[...]
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Beware of accidentally matching the wrong mapping. For instance, if the loaded executable contained the string "libc" anywhere in it's path, it would've been returned.</p> <hr> <h3 id=bn_eval><strong>bn_eval</strong><a class=headerlink href=#bn_eval title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-8-1><a id=__codelineno-8-1 name=__codelineno-8-1 href=#__codelineno-8-1></a><span class=n>bn_eval</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>expr</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=nb>int</span> <span class=o>|</span> <span class=kc>None</span>
|
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Parse and evaluate a Binary Ninja expression.</p> <p>Read more about binary ninja expressions here: <a href=https://api.binary.ninja/binaryninja.binaryview-module.html#binaryninja.binaryview.BinaryView.parse_expression>https://api.binary.ninja/binaryninja.binaryview-module.html#binaryninja.binaryview.BinaryView.parse_expression</a></p> <p>All registers in the current register set are available as magic variables (e.g. $rip). The $piebase magic variable is also included, with the computed executable base.</p> <p>This function cannot see stack local variables.</p> <h4 id=example_3>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_3 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-9-1><a id=__codelineno-9-1 name=__codelineno-9-1 href=#__codelineno-9-1></a>pwndbg> set integration-provider binja
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</span><span id=__span-9-2><a id=__codelineno-9-2 name=__codelineno-9-2 href=#__codelineno-9-2></a>Pwndbg successfully connected to Binary Ninja (4.2.6455 Personal) xmlrpc: http://127.0.0.1:31337
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</span><span id=__span-9-3><a id=__codelineno-9-3 name=__codelineno-9-3 href=#__codelineno-9-3></a>Set which provider to use for integration features to 'binja'.
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</span><span id=__span-9-4><a id=__codelineno-9-4 name=__codelineno-9-4 href=#__codelineno-9-4></a>pwndbg> p/x $bn_eval("10+20")
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</span><span id=__span-9-5><a id=__codelineno-9-5 name=__codelineno-9-5 href=#__codelineno-9-5></a>$6 = 0x30
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</span><span id=__span-9-6><a id=__codelineno-9-6 name=__codelineno-9-6 href=#__codelineno-9-6></a>pwndbg> p/x $bn_eval("main")
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</span><span id=__span-9-7><a id=__codelineno-9-7 name=__codelineno-9-7 href=#__codelineno-9-7></a>$7 = 0x1645
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</span><span id=__span-9-8><a id=__codelineno-9-8 name=__codelineno-9-8 href=#__codelineno-9-8></a>pwndbg> p/x $rebase($bn_eval("main"))
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</span><span id=__span-9-9><a id=__codelineno-9-9 name=__codelineno-9-9 href=#__codelineno-9-9></a>$8 = 0x555555555645
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</span><span id=__span-9-10><a id=__codelineno-9-10 name=__codelineno-9-10 href=#__codelineno-9-10></a>pwndbg> p some_global_var
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</span><span id=__span-9-11><a id=__codelineno-9-11 name=__codelineno-9-11 href=#__codelineno-9-11></a>No symbol "some_global_var" in current context.
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</span><span id=__span-9-12><a id=__codelineno-9-12 name=__codelineno-9-12 href=#__codelineno-9-12></a>pwndbg> p/x $rebase($bn_eval("some_global_var+$rax"))
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</span><span id=__span-9-13><a id=__codelineno-9-13 name=__codelineno-9-13 href=#__codelineno-9-13></a>$9 = 0x5555555586b8
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</span><span id=__span-9-14><a id=__codelineno-9-14 name=__codelineno-9-14 href=#__codelineno-9-14></a>pwndbg> p $rebase($bn_eval("some_global_var+$rax")) == $bn_sym("some_global_var") + $rax
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</span><span id=__span-9-15><a id=__codelineno-9-15 name=__codelineno-9-15 href=#__codelineno-9-15></a>$10 = 1
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</span><span id=__span-9-16><a id=__codelineno-9-16 name=__codelineno-9-16 href=#__codelineno-9-16></a>pwndbg> p $bn_eval("$piebase+some_global_var+$rax") == $bn_sym("some_global_var") + $rax
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</span><span id=__span-9-17><a id=__codelineno-9-17 name=__codelineno-9-17 href=#__codelineno-9-17></a>$11 = 1
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</span></code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id=bn_sym><strong>bn_sym</strong><a class=headerlink href=#bn_sym title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-10-1><a id=__codelineno-10-1 name=__codelineno-10-1 href=#__codelineno-10-1></a><span class=n>bn_sym</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>name_val</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=nb>int</span> <span class=o>|</span> <span class=kc>None</span>
|
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Lookup a symbol's address by name from Binary Ninja.</p> <p>This function sees symbols like functions and global variables, but not stack local variables, use <code>bn_var</code> for that.</p> <h4 id=example_4>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_4 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-11-1><a id=__codelineno-11-1 name=__codelineno-11-1 href=#__codelineno-11-1></a>pwndbg> set integration-provider binja
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</span><span id=__span-11-2><a id=__codelineno-11-2 name=__codelineno-11-2 href=#__codelineno-11-2></a>Pwndbg successfully connected to Binary Ninja (4.2.6455 Personal) xmlrpc: http://127.0.0.1:31337
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</span><span id=__span-11-3><a id=__codelineno-11-3 name=__codelineno-11-3 href=#__codelineno-11-3></a>Set which provider to use for integration features to 'binja'.
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</span><span id=__span-11-4><a id=__codelineno-11-4 name=__codelineno-11-4 href=#__codelineno-11-4></a>pwndbg> p main
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</span><span id=__span-11-5><a id=__codelineno-11-5 name=__codelineno-11-5 href=#__codelineno-11-5></a>No symbol "main" in current context.
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</span><span id=__span-11-6><a id=__codelineno-11-6 name=__codelineno-11-6 href=#__codelineno-11-6></a>pwndbg> p/x $bn_sym("main")
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</span><span id=__span-11-7><a id=__codelineno-11-7 name=__codelineno-11-7 href=#__codelineno-11-7></a>$2 = 0x555555555645
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</span><span id=__span-11-8><a id=__codelineno-11-8 name=__codelineno-11-8 href=#__codelineno-11-8></a>pwndbg> b *($bn_sym("main"))
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</span><span id=__span-11-9><a id=__codelineno-11-9 name=__codelineno-11-9 href=#__codelineno-11-9></a>Breakpoint 1 at 0x555555555645
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</span></code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id=bn_var><strong>bn_var</strong><a class=headerlink href=#bn_var title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-12-1><a id=__codelineno-12-1 name=__codelineno-12-1 href=#__codelineno-12-1></a><span class=n>bn_var</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>name_val</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=nb>int</span> <span class=o>|</span> <span class=kc>None</span>
|
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Lookup a stack variable's address by name from Binary Ninja.</p> <p>This function doesn't see functions or global variables, use <code>bn_sym</code> for that.</p> <h4 id=example_5>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_5 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-13-1><a id=__codelineno-13-1 name=__codelineno-13-1 href=#__codelineno-13-1></a>pwndbg> set integration-provider binja
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</span><span id=__span-13-2><a id=__codelineno-13-2 name=__codelineno-13-2 href=#__codelineno-13-2></a>Pwndbg successfully connected to Binary Ninja (4.2.6455 Personal) xmlrpc: http://127.0.0.1:31337
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</span><span id=__span-13-3><a id=__codelineno-13-3 name=__codelineno-13-3 href=#__codelineno-13-3></a>Set which provider to use for integration features to 'binja'.
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</span><span id=__span-13-4><a id=__codelineno-13-4 name=__codelineno-13-4 href=#__codelineno-13-4></a>pwndbg> p user_choice
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</span><span id=__span-13-5><a id=__codelineno-13-5 name=__codelineno-13-5 href=#__codelineno-13-5></a>No symbol "user_choice" in current context.
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</span><span id=__span-13-6><a id=__codelineno-13-6 name=__codelineno-13-6 href=#__codelineno-13-6></a>pwndbg> p/x $bn_var("user_choice")
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</span><span id=__span-13-7><a id=__codelineno-13-7 name=__codelineno-13-7 href=#__codelineno-13-7></a>$4 = 0x7fffffffe118
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</span><span id=__span-13-8><a id=__codelineno-13-8 name=__codelineno-13-8 href=#__codelineno-13-8></a>pwndbg> vmmap $4
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</span><span id=__span-13-9><a id=__codelineno-13-9 name=__codelineno-13-9 href=#__codelineno-13-9></a> 0x7ffff7ffe000 0x7ffff7fff000 rw-p 1000 0 [anon_7ffff7ffe]
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</span><span id=__span-13-10><a id=__codelineno-13-10 name=__codelineno-13-10 href=#__codelineno-13-10></a>► 0x7ffffffde000 0x7ffffffff000 rw-p 21000 0 [stack] +0x20118
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</span><span id=__span-13-11><a id=__codelineno-13-11 name=__codelineno-13-11 href=#__codelineno-13-11></a>pwndbg> p/x $bn_var("main")
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</span><span id=__span-13-12><a id=__codelineno-13-12 name=__codelineno-13-12 href=#__codelineno-13-12></a>TypeError: Could not convert Python object: None.
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</span><span id=__span-13-13><a id=__codelineno-13-13 name=__codelineno-13-13 href=#__codelineno-13-13></a>Error while executing Python code.
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</span></code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id=environ><strong>environ</strong><a class=headerlink href=#environ title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-14-1><a id=__codelineno-14-1 name=__codelineno-14-1 href=#__codelineno-14-1></a><span class=n>environ</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>env_name</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span>
|
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Get an environment variable by name. Evaluate getenv() on the supplied value.</p> <h4 id=example_6>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_6 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-15-1><a id=__codelineno-15-1 name=__codelineno-15-1 href=#__codelineno-15-1></a>pwndbg> p $environ("LANG")
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</span><span id=__span-15-2><a id=__codelineno-15-2 name=__codelineno-15-2 href=#__codelineno-15-2></a>$2 = (signed char *) 0x7fffffffebfb "LANG=en_US.UTF-8"
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</span></code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id=envp><strong>envp</strong><a class=headerlink href=#envp title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-16-1><a id=__codelineno-16-1 name=__codelineno-16-1 href=#__codelineno-16-1></a><span class=n>envp</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>index</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div> <p>Get the n-th environment variable. Evaluate envp on the supplied value.</p> <h4 id=example_7>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_7 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-17-1><a id=__codelineno-17-1 name=__codelineno-17-1 href=#__codelineno-17-1></a>pwndbg> p $envp(0x3F)
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</span><span id=__span-17-2><a id=__codelineno-17-2 name=__codelineno-17-2 href=#__codelineno-17-2></a>$13 = (signed char *) 0x7fffffffef7d "LANG=en_US.UTF-8"
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</span><span id=__span-17-3><a id=__codelineno-17-3 name=__codelineno-17-3 href=#__codelineno-17-3></a>pwndbg> p $envp(0x3F) == $environ("LANG")
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</span><span id=__span-17-4><a id=__codelineno-17-4 name=__codelineno-17-4 href=#__codelineno-17-4></a>$14 = 1
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</span></code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id=fsbase><strong>fsbase</strong><a class=headerlink href=#fsbase title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-18-1><a id=__codelineno-18-1 name=__codelineno-18-1 href=#__codelineno-18-1></a><span class=n>fsbase</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>offset</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span> <span class=o>=</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=mi>0</span><span class=p>))</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=nb>int</span>
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Get the value of the FS segment register. Only valid on x86(-64).</p> <h4 id=example_8>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_8 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <p><div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-19-1><a id=__codelineno-19-1 name=__codelineno-19-1 href=#__codelineno-19-1></a>pwndbg> p/x $fsbase()
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</span><span id=__span-19-2><a id=__codelineno-19-2 name=__codelineno-19-2 href=#__codelineno-19-2></a>$3 = 0x7ffff7cdab80
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</span><span id=__span-19-3><a id=__codelineno-19-3 name=__codelineno-19-3 href=#__codelineno-19-3></a>pwndbg> p $fs_base == $fsbase()
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</span><span id=__span-19-4><a id=__codelineno-19-4 name=__codelineno-19-4 href=#__codelineno-19-4></a>$4 = 1
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</span><span id=__span-19-5><a id=__codelineno-19-5 name=__codelineno-19-5 href=#__codelineno-19-5></a>pwndbg> x/gx $fsbase(0x28)
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</span><span id=__span-19-6><a id=__codelineno-19-6 name=__codelineno-19-6 href=#__codelineno-19-6></a>0x7ffff7cdaba8: 0x4da926e1668e5a00
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</span><span id=__span-19-7><a id=__codelineno-19-7 name=__codelineno-19-7 href=#__codelineno-19-7></a>pwndbg> x/gx $fsbase(0x30)
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</span><span id=__span-19-8><a id=__codelineno-19-8 name=__codelineno-19-8 href=#__codelineno-19-8></a>0x7ffff7cdabb0: 0x190a86d93bccf0ad
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</span><span id=__span-19-9><a id=__codelineno-19-9 name=__codelineno-19-9 href=#__codelineno-19-9></a>pwndbg> tls
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</span><span id=__span-19-10><a id=__codelineno-19-10 name=__codelineno-19-10 href=#__codelineno-19-10></a>Thread Local Storage (TLS) base: 0x7ffff7cdab80
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</span><span id=__span-19-11><a id=__codelineno-19-11 name=__codelineno-19-11 href=#__codelineno-19-11></a>TLS is located at:
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</span><span id=__span-19-12><a id=__codelineno-19-12 name=__codelineno-19-12 href=#__codelineno-19-12></a> 0x7ffff7cda000 0x7ffff7cdc000 rw-p 2000 0 [anon_7ffff7cda]
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</span><span id=__span-19-13><a id=__codelineno-19-13 name=__codelineno-19-13 href=#__codelineno-19-13></a>Dumping the address:
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</span><span id=__span-19-14><a id=__codelineno-19-14 name=__codelineno-19-14 href=#__codelineno-19-14></a>tcbhead_t @ 0x7ffff7cdab80
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</span><span id=__span-19-15><a id=__codelineno-19-15 name=__codelineno-19-15 href=#__codelineno-19-15></a> 0x00007ffff7cdab80 +0x0000 tcb : 0x7ffff7cdab80
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</span><span id=__span-19-16><a id=__codelineno-19-16 name=__codelineno-19-16 href=#__codelineno-19-16></a> 0x00007ffff7cdab88 +0x0008 dtv : 0x7ffff7cdb4f0
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</span><span id=__span-19-17><a id=__codelineno-19-17 name=__codelineno-19-17 href=#__codelineno-19-17></a> 0x00007ffff7cdab90 +0x0010 self : 0x7ffff7cdab80
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</span><span id=__span-19-18><a id=__codelineno-19-18 name=__codelineno-19-18 href=#__codelineno-19-18></a> 0x00007ffff7cdab98 +0x0018 multiple_threads : 0x0
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</span><span id=__span-19-19><a id=__codelineno-19-19 name=__codelineno-19-19 href=#__codelineno-19-19></a> 0x00007ffff7cdab9c +0x001c gscope_flag : 0x0
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</span><span id=__span-19-20><a id=__codelineno-19-20 name=__codelineno-19-20 href=#__codelineno-19-20></a> 0x00007ffff7cdaba0 +0x0020 sysinfo : 0x0
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</span><span id=__span-19-21><a id=__codelineno-19-21 name=__codelineno-19-21 href=#__codelineno-19-21></a> 0x00007ffff7cdaba8 +0x0028 stack_guard : 0x4da926e1668e5a00
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</span><span id=__span-19-22><a id=__codelineno-19-22 name=__codelineno-19-22 href=#__codelineno-19-22></a> 0x00007ffff7cdabb0 +0x0030 pointer_guard : 0x190a86d93bccf0ad
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</span><span id=__span-19-23><a id=__codelineno-19-23 name=__codelineno-19-23 href=#__codelineno-19-23></a> [...]
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</span><span id=__span-19-24><a id=__codelineno-19-24 name=__codelineno-19-24 href=#__codelineno-19-24></a>pwndbg> canary
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</span><span id=__span-19-25><a id=__codelineno-19-25 name=__codelineno-19-25 href=#__codelineno-19-25></a>[...]
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</span><span id=__span-19-26><a id=__codelineno-19-26 name=__codelineno-19-26 href=#__codelineno-19-26></a>Canary = 0x4da926e1668e5a00 (may be incorrect on != glibc)
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</span><span id=__span-19-27><a id=__codelineno-19-27 name=__codelineno-19-27 href=#__codelineno-19-27></a>[...]
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</span></code></pre></div> FS will usually point to the start of the TLS. If you're not providing an offset, it is usually easier to use GDB's builtin $fs_base variable.</p> <hr> <h3 id=gsbase><strong>gsbase</strong><a class=headerlink href=#gsbase title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-20-1><a id=__codelineno-20-1 name=__codelineno-20-1 href=#__codelineno-20-1></a><span class=n>gsbase</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>offset</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span> <span class=o>=</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=mi>0</span><span class=p>))</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=nb>int</span>
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Get the value of the GS segment register. Only valid on x86(-64).</p> <h4 id=example_9>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_9 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <p><div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-21-1><a id=__codelineno-21-1 name=__codelineno-21-1 href=#__codelineno-21-1></a>pwndbg> p/x $gsbase()
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</span><span id=__span-21-2><a id=__codelineno-21-2 name=__codelineno-21-2 href=#__codelineno-21-2></a>$1 = 0x0
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</span></code></pre></div> The value of the GS register is more interesting when doing kernel debugging: <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-22-1><a id=__codelineno-22-1 name=__codelineno-22-1 href=#__codelineno-22-1></a>pwndbg> p/x $gsbase()
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</span><span id=__span-22-2><a id=__codelineno-22-2 name=__codelineno-22-2 href=#__codelineno-22-2></a>$1 = 0xffff999287a00000
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</span><span id=__span-22-3><a id=__codelineno-22-3 name=__codelineno-22-3 href=#__codelineno-22-3></a>pwndbg> tele $gsbase()
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</span><span id=__span-22-4><a id=__codelineno-22-4 name=__codelineno-22-4 href=#__codelineno-22-4></a>00:0000│ 0xffff999287a00000 ◂— 0
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</span><span id=__span-22-5><a id=__codelineno-22-5 name=__codelineno-22-5 href=#__codelineno-22-5></a>... ↓ 4 skipped
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</span><span id=__span-22-6><a id=__codelineno-22-6 name=__codelineno-22-6 href=#__codelineno-22-6></a>05:0028│ 0xffff999287a00028 ◂— 0xd6aa9b336d52a400
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</span><span id=__span-22-7><a id=__codelineno-22-7 name=__codelineno-22-7 href=#__codelineno-22-7></a>06:0030│ 0xffff999287a00030 ◂— 0
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</span><span id=__span-22-8><a id=__codelineno-22-8 name=__codelineno-22-8 href=#__codelineno-22-8></a>07:0038│ 0xffff999287a00038 ◂— 0
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</span><span id=__span-22-9><a id=__codelineno-22-9 name=__codelineno-22-9 href=#__codelineno-22-9></a>pwndbg> p $gsbase() == $gs_base
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</span><span id=__span-22-10><a id=__codelineno-22-10 name=__codelineno-22-10 href=#__codelineno-22-10></a>$2 = 1
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</span></code></pre></div> If you're not providing an offset, it is usually easier to use GDB's builtin $gs_base variable.</p> <hr> <h3 id=hex2ptr><strong>hex2ptr</strong><a class=headerlink href=#hex2ptr title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-23-1><a id=__codelineno-23-1 name=__codelineno-23-1 href=#__codelineno-23-1></a><span class=n>hex2ptr</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>hex_string</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span> <span class=o>|</span> <span class=nb>str</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=nb>int</span>
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Converts a hex string to a little-endian address and returns the address.</p> <h4 id=example_10>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_10 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-24-1><a id=__codelineno-24-1 name=__codelineno-24-1 href=#__codelineno-24-1></a>pwndbg> p/x $hex2ptr("20 74 ed f7 ff 7f")
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</span><span id=__span-24-2><a id=__codelineno-24-2 name=__codelineno-24-2 href=#__codelineno-24-2></a>$1 = 0x7ffff7ed7420
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</span><span id=__span-24-3><a id=__codelineno-24-3 name=__codelineno-24-3 href=#__codelineno-24-3></a>pwndbg> p/x $hex2ptr("2074edf7ff7f")
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</span><span id=__span-24-4><a id=__codelineno-24-4 name=__codelineno-24-4 href=#__codelineno-24-4></a>$2 = 0x7ffff7ed7420
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</span><span id=__span-24-5><a id=__codelineno-24-5 name=__codelineno-24-5 href=#__codelineno-24-5></a>pwndbg> distance '$base("libc")' '$hex2ptr("20 74 ed f7 ff 7f")'
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</span><span id=__span-24-6><a id=__codelineno-24-6 name=__codelineno-24-6 href=#__codelineno-24-6></a>0x7ffff7d4b000->0x7ffff7ed7420 is 0x18c420 bytes (0x31884 words)
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Especially useful for quickly converting pwntools output.</p> <hr> <h3 id=ida><strong>ida</strong><a class=headerlink href=#ida title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-25-1><a id=__codelineno-25-1 name=__codelineno-25-1 href=#__codelineno-25-1></a><span class=n>ida</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>name</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=nb>int</span>
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Lookup a symbol's address by name from IDA. Evaluate ida.LocByName() on the supplied value.</p> <p>This functions doesn't see stack local variables.</p> <h4 id=example_11>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_11 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-26-1><a id=__codelineno-26-1 name=__codelineno-26-1 href=#__codelineno-26-1></a>pwndbg> set integration-provider ida
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</span><span id=__span-26-2><a id=__codelineno-26-2 name=__codelineno-26-2 href=#__codelineno-26-2></a>Pwndbg successfully connected to Ida Pro xmlrpc: http://127.0.0.1:31337
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</span><span id=__span-26-3><a id=__codelineno-26-3 name=__codelineno-26-3 href=#__codelineno-26-3></a>Set which provider to use for integration features to 'ida'.
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</span><span id=__span-26-4><a id=__codelineno-26-4 name=__codelineno-26-4 href=#__codelineno-26-4></a>pwndbg> p main
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</span><span id=__span-26-5><a id=__codelineno-26-5 name=__codelineno-26-5 href=#__codelineno-26-5></a>No symbol "main" in current context.
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</span><span id=__span-26-6><a id=__codelineno-26-6 name=__codelineno-26-6 href=#__codelineno-26-6></a>pwndbg> p/x $ida("main")
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</span><span id=__span-26-7><a id=__codelineno-26-7 name=__codelineno-26-7 href=#__codelineno-26-7></a>$1 = 0x555555555645
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</span><span id=__span-26-8><a id=__codelineno-26-8 name=__codelineno-26-8 href=#__codelineno-26-8></a>pwndbg> b *$ida("main")
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</span><span id=__span-26-9><a id=__codelineno-26-9 name=__codelineno-26-9 href=#__codelineno-26-9></a>Breakpoint 2 at 0x555555555645
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</span></code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id=rebase><strong>rebase</strong><a class=headerlink href=#rebase title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <div class="language-python no-copy highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-27-1><a id=__codelineno-27-1 name=__codelineno-27-1 href=#__codelineno-27-1></a><span class=n>rebase</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>addr</span><span class=p>:</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Value</span> <span class=o>|</span> <span class=nb>int</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=o>-></span> <span class=nb>int</span>
|
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>Return address rebased onto the executable's mappings.</p> <h4 id=example_12>Example<a class=headerlink href=#example_12 title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4> <div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-28-1><a id=__codelineno-28-1 name=__codelineno-28-1 href=#__codelineno-28-1></a>pwndbg> p/x $rebase(0xd9020)
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</span><span id=__span-28-2><a id=__codelineno-28-2 name=__codelineno-28-2 href=#__codelineno-28-2></a>$1 = 0x55555562d020
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</span><span id=__span-28-3><a id=__codelineno-28-3 name=__codelineno-28-3 href=#__codelineno-28-3></a>pwndbg> vmmap
|
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</span><span id=__span-28-4><a id=__codelineno-28-4 name=__codelineno-28-4 href=#__codelineno-28-4></a>0x555555554000 0x55555556f000 r--p 1b000 0 /usr/bin/bash
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</span><span id=__span-28-5><a id=__codelineno-28-5 name=__codelineno-28-5 href=#__codelineno-28-5></a>0x55555556f000 0x55555562d000 r-xp be000 1b000 /usr/bin/bash
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</span><span id=__span-28-6><a id=__codelineno-28-6 name=__codelineno-28-6 href=#__codelineno-28-6></a>0x55555562d000 0x55555565e000 r--p 31000 d9000 /usr/bin/bash
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</span><span id=__span-28-7><a id=__codelineno-28-7 name=__codelineno-28-7 href=#__codelineno-28-7></a>[...]
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</span><span id=__span-28-8><a id=__codelineno-28-8 name=__codelineno-28-8 href=#__codelineno-28-8></a>pwndbg> p $rebase(0xd9020) == 0x555555554000 + 0xd9020
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</span><span id=__span-28-9><a id=__codelineno-28-9 name=__codelineno-28-9 href=#__codelineno-28-9></a>$2 = 1
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</span><span id=__span-28-10><a id=__codelineno-28-10 name=__codelineno-28-10 href=#__codelineno-28-10></a>pwndbg> tele $rebase(0xd9020)
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</span><span id=__span-28-11><a id=__codelineno-28-11 name=__codelineno-28-11 href=#__codelineno-28-11></a>00:0000│ 0x55555562d020 ◂— 0x204900636f6c6c61 /* 'alloc' */
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</span><span id=__span-28-12><a id=__codelineno-28-12 name=__codelineno-28-12 href=#__codelineno-28-12></a>01:0008│ 0x55555562d028 ◂— 'have no name!'
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</span><span id=__span-28-13><a id=__codelineno-28-13 name=__codelineno-28-13 href=#__codelineno-28-13></a>02:0010│ 0x55555562d030 ◂— 0x65720021656d616e /* 'name!' */
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</span><span id=__span-28-14><a id=__codelineno-28-14 name=__codelineno-28-14 href=#__codelineno-28-14></a>03:0018│ 0x55555562d038 ◂— 'adline stdin'
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</span><span id=__span-28-15><a id=__codelineno-28-15 name=__codelineno-28-15 href=#__codelineno-28-15></a>[...]
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</span></code></pre></div> <hr> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> Made with <a href=https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/ target=_blank rel=noopener> Material for MkDocs </a> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href=https://github.com/pwndbg target=_blank rel=noopener title=github.com class=md-social__link> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.0.0 by @fontawesome - 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