|
|
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=description content="pwndbg (/paʊnˈdiˌbʌɡ/) is a GDB plug-in that makes debugging with GDB suck less, with a focus on features needed by low-level software developers, hardware hackers, reverse-engineers and exploit developers."><link href=https://pwndbg.re/stable/contributing/dev-notes/ rel=canonical><link href=../setup-pwndbg-dev/ rel=prev><link href=../writing-tests/ rel=next><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml title="RSS feed" href=../../feed_rss_created.xml><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml title="RSS feed of updated content" href=../../feed_rss_updated.xml><link rel=icon href=../../assets/favicon.ico><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.6.19"><title>Developer Notes - Documentation</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.7e37652d.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.06af60db.min.css><link rel=preconnect href=https://fonts.gstatic.com crossorigin><link rel=stylesheet href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/_mkdocstrings.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../stylesheets/extra.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../stylesheets/mkdocstrings.css><script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script></head> <body dir=ltr data-md-color-scheme=slate data-md-color-primary=black data-md-color-accent=purple> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=drawer type=checkbox id=__drawer autocomplete=off> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=search type=checkbox id=__search autocomplete=off> <label class=md-overlay for=__drawer></label> <div data-md-component=skip> <a href=#developer-notes class=md-skip> Skip to content </a> </div> <div data-md-component=announce> </div> <div data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-component=outdated hidden> </div> <header class=md-header data-md-component=header> <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label=Header> <a href=../.. title=Documentation class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label=Documentation data-md-component=logo> <img src=../../assets/logo.png alt=logo> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> Documentation </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> Developer Notes </span> </div> </div> </div> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__search> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-search data-md-component=search role=dialog> <label class=md-search__overlay for=__search></label> <div class=md-search__inner role=search> <form class=md-search__form name=search> <input type=text class=md-search__input name=query aria-label=Search placeholder=Search autocapitalize=off autocorrect=off autocomplete=off spellcheck=false data-md-component=search-query required> <label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for=__search> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg> </label> <nav class=md-search__options aria-label=Search> <a href=javascript:void(0) class="md-search__icon md-icon" title=Share aria-label=Share data-clipboard data-clipboard-text data-md-component=search-share tabindex=-1> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91s2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08"/></svg> </a> <button type=reset class="md-search__icon md-icon" title=Clear aria-label=Clear tabindex=-1> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg> </button> </nav> <div class=md-search__suggest data-md-component=search-suggest></div> </form> <div class=md-search__output> <div class=md-search__scrollwrap tabindex=0 data-md-scrollfix> <div class=md-search-result data-md-component=search-result> <div class=md-search-result__meta> Initializing search </div> <ol class=md-search-result__list role=presentation></ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-header__source> <a href=https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg/ title="Go to repository" class=md-source data-md-component=source> <div class="md-source__icon md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.0.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path fill=currentColor d="M439.6 236.1 244 40.5c-5.4-5.5-12.8-8.5-20.4-8.5s-15 3-20.4 8.4L162.5 81l51.5 51.5c27.1-9.1 52.7 16.8 43.4 43.7l49.7 49.7c34.2-11.8 61.2 31 35.5 56.7-26.5 26.5-70.2-2.9-56-37.3L240.3 199v121.9c25.3 12.5 22.3 41.8 9.1 55-6.4 6.4-15.2 10.1-24.3 10.1s-17.8-3.6-24.3-10.1c-17.6-17.6-11.1-46.9 11.2-56v-123c-20.8-8.5-24.6-30.7-18.6-45L142.6 101 8.5 235.1C3 240.6 0 247.9 0 255.5s3 15 8.5 20.4l195.6 195.7c5.4 5.4 12.7 8.4 20.4 8.4s15-3 20.4-8.4l194.7-194.7c5.4-5.4 8.4-12.8 8.4-20.4s-3-15-8.4-20.4"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-source__repository> pwndbg/pwndbg </div> </a> </div> </nav> </header> <div class=md-container data-md-component=container> <nav class=md-tabs aria-label=Tabs data-md-component=tabs> <div class=md-grid> <ul class=md-tabs__list> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../.. class=md-tabs__link> Home </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../setup/ class=md-tabs__link> Setup </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../features/ class=md-tabs__link> Features </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../commands/ class=md-tabs__link> Commands </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../functions/ class=md-tabs__link> Functions </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../configuration/ class=md-tabs__link> Configuration </a> </li> <li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active"> <a href=../ class=md-tabs__link> Contributing </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../tutorials/env-vars/ class=md-tabs__link> Tutorials </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/ class=md-tabs__link> Reference </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../blog/ class=md-tabs__link> Blog </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <main class=md-main data-md-component=main> <div class="md-main__inner md-grid"> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=navigation> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label=Navigation data-md-level=0> <label class=md-nav__title for=__drawer> <a href=../.. title=Documentation class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label=Documentation data-md-component=logo> <img src=../../assets/logo.png alt=logo> </a> Documentation </label> <div class=md-nav__source> <a href=https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg/ title="Go to repository" class=md-source data-md-component=source> <div class="md-source__icon md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.0.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path fill=currentColor d="M439.6 236.1 244 40.5c-5.4-5.5-12.8-8.5-20.4-8.5s-15 3-20.4 8.4L162.5 81l51.5 51.5c27.1-9.1 52.7 16.8 43.4 43.7l49.7 49.7c34.2-11.8 61.2 31 35.5 56.7-26.5 26.5-70.2-2.9-56-37.3L240.3 199v121.9c25.3 12.5 22.3 41.8 9.1 55-6.4 6.4-15.2 10.1-24.3 10.1s-17.8-3.6-24.3-10.1c-17.6-17.6-11.1-46.9 11.2-56v-123c-20.8-8.5-24.6-30.7-18.6-45L142.6 101 8.5 235.1C3 240.6 0 247.9 0 255.5s3 15 8.5 20.4l195.6 195.7c5.4 5.4 12.7 8.4 20.4 8.4s15-3 20.4-8.4l194.7-194.7c5.4-5.4 8.4-12.8 8.4-20.4s-3-15-8.4-20.4"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-source__repository> pwndbg/pwndbg </div> </a> </div> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../.. class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Home </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../setup/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Setup </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Features </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../commands/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Commands </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4 id=__nav_4_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Commands </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_2> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_2 id=__nav_4_2_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Breakpoint </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Breakpoint </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/breakpoint/break-if-not-taken/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Break if not taken </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/breakpoint/break-if-taken/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Break if taken </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/breakpoint/breakrva/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Breakrva </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/breakpoint/ignore/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ignore </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_3> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_3 id=__nav_4_3_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Context </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Context </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/context/context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Context </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/context/contextnext/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextnext </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/context/contextoutput/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextoutput </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/context/contextprev/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextprev </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/context/contextsearch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextsearch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/context/contextunwatch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextunwatch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/context/contextwatch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contextwatch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/context/regs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Regs </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_4 id=__nav_4_4_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Darwin libsystem mach o </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Darwin libsystem mach o </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/darwin_libsystem_mach-o/commpage/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Commpage </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_5> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_5 id=__nav_4_5_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Developer </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Developer </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/developer/dev-dump-instruction/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dev dump instruction </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/developer/log-level/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Log level </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_6> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_6 id=__nav_4_6_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Disassemble </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_6_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_6> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Disassemble </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/disassemble/emulate/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Emulate </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/disassemble/nearpc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nearpc </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_7> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_7 id=__nav_4_7_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Glibc ptmalloc2 heap </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_7_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_7> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Glibc ptmalloc2 heap </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/arena/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Arena </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/arenas/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Arenas </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/bins/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bins </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/fastbins/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Fastbins </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/find-fake-fast/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Find fake fast </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/heap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Heap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/hi/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Hi </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/largebins/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Largebins </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/malloc-chunk/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Malloc chunk </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/mp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/smallbins/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Smallbins </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/tcache/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tcache </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/tcachebins/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tcachebins </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/top-chunk/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Top chunk </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/try-free/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Try free </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/unsortedbin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Unsortedbin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/glibc_ptmalloc2_heap/vis-heap-chunks/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vis heap chunks </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_8> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_8 id=__nav_4_8_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Integrations </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_8_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_8> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Integrations </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/integrations/ai/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ai </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/integrations/bn-sync/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bn sync </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/integrations/decomp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Decomp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/integrations/j/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> J </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/integrations/r2/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> R2 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/integrations/r2pipe/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> R2pipe </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/integrations/rop/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Rop </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/integrations/ropper/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ropper </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/integrations/rz/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Rz </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/integrations/rzpipe/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Rzpipe </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/integrations/save-ida/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Save ida </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_9> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_9 id=__nav_4_9_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Jemalloc heap </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_9_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_9> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Jemalloc heap </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/jemalloc_heap/jemalloc-extent-info/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Jemalloc extent info </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/jemalloc_heap/jemalloc-find-extent/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Jemalloc find extent </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/jemalloc_heap/jemalloc-heap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Jemalloc heap </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_10> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_10 id=__nav_4_10_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kernel </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_10_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_10> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Kernel </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/binder/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binder </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/buddydump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Buddydump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/kbase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kbase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/kbpf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kbpf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/kchecksec/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kchecksec </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/kcmdline/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kcmdline </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/kconfig/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kconfig </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/kdmabuf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kdmabuf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/kdmesg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kdmesg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/klookup/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Klookup </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/kmod/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kmod </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/knft-dump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft dump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/knft-list-chains/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list chains </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/knft-list-exprs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list exprs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/knft-list-flowtables/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list flowtables </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/knft-list-objects/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list objects </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/knft-list-rules/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list rules </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/knft-list-sets/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list sets </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/knft-list-tables/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Knft list tables </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/ksyscalls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ksyscalls </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/ktask/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ktask </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/kversion/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Kversion </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/msr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Msr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/p2v/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> P2v </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/pageinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pageinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/pagewalk/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pagewalk </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/slab/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Slab </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/kernel/v2p/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> V2p </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_11> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_11 id=__nav_4_11_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Linux libc elf </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_11_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_11> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Linux libc elf </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/argc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Argc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/argv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Argv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/aslr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Aslr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/auxv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Auxv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/auxv-explore/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Auxv explore </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/elfsections/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Elfsections </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/envp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Envp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/errno/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Errno </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/got/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Got </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/gotplt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Gotplt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/libcinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Libcinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/linkmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Linkmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/onegadget/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Onegadget </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/parse-seccomp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parse seccomp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/piebase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Piebase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/plt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Plt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/strings/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Strings </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/threads/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Threads </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/tls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tls </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/track-got/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Track got </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/linux_libc_elf/track-heap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Track heap </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_12> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_12 id=__nav_4_12_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Memory </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_12_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_12> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Memory </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/distance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Distance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/dump-register-frame/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dump register frame </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/gdt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Gdt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/go-dump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Go dump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/go-type/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Go type </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/hexdump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Hexdump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/leakfind/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Leakfind </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/memfrob/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Memfrob </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/mmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/mprotect/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mprotect </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/p2p/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> P2p </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/probeleak/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Probeleak </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/search/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Search </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/telescope/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Telescope </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/vmmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vmmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/vmmap-add/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vmmap add </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/vmmap-clear/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vmmap clear </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/vmmap-explore/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vmmap explore </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/xinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Xinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/memory/xor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Xor </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_13> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_13 id=__nav_4_13_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Misc </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_13_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_13> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Misc </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/asm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Asm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/checksec/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Checksec </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/comm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Comm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/cyclic/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Cyclic </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/cymbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Cymbol </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/down/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Down </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/dt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/dumpargs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dumpargs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/getfile/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Getfile </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/hex2ptr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Hex2ptr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/hijack-fd/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Hijack fd </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/ipi/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ipi </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/patch-list/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Patch list </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/patch-revert/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Patch revert </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/plist/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Plist </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/sigreturn/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Sigreturn </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/spray/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Spray </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/tips/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tips </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/up/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Up </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/valist/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Valist </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/misc/vmmap-load/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Vmmap load </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_14> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_14 id=__nav_4_14_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Musl </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_14_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_14> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Musl </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/musl/mallocng-dump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng dump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/musl/mallocng-explain/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng explain </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/musl/mallocng-find/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng find </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/musl/mallocng-group/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng group </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/musl/mallocng-malloc-context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng malloc context </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/musl/mallocng-meta/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng meta </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/musl/mallocng-meta-area/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng meta area </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/musl/mallocng-slot-start/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng slot start </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/musl/mallocng-slot-user/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng slot user </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/musl/mallocng-visualize-slots/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mallocng visualize slots </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_15> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_15 id=__nav_4_15_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Process </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_15_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_15> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Process </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/process/killthreads/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Killthreads </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/process/pid/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pid </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/process/procinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Procinfo </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_16> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_16 id=__nav_4_16_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pwndbg </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_16_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_16> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Pwndbg </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/bugreport/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bugreport </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/configfile/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Configfile </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/heap-config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Heap config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/memoize/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Memoize </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/profiler/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Profiler </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/pwndbg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pwndbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/reinit-pwndbg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Reinit pwndbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/reload/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Reload </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/theme/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Theme </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/themefile/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Themefile </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/pwndbg/version/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Version </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_17> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_17 id=__nav_4_17_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Register </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_17_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_17> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Register </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/register/cpsr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Cpsr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/register/fsbase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Fsbase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/register/gsbase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Gsbase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/register/setflag/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Setflag </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_18> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_18 id=__nav_4_18_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stack </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_18_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_18> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Stack </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/stack/canary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Canary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/stack/retaddr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Retaddr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/stack/stack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/stack/stack-explore/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stack explore </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/stack/stackf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stackf </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_19> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_19 id=__nav_4_19_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Start </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_19_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_19> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Start </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/start/attachp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Attachp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/start/entry/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Entry </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/start/sstart/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Sstart </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/start/start/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Start </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_20> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_20 id=__nav_4_20_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step next continue </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_20_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_20> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Step next continue </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/step_next_continue/nextcall/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nextcall </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/step_next_continue/nextjmp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nextjmp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/step_next_continue/nextproginstr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nextproginstr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/step_next_continue/nextret/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nextret </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/step_next_continue/nextsyscall/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Nextsyscall </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/step_next_continue/stepover/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stepover </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/step_next_continue/stepret/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stepret </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/step_next_continue/stepsyscall/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stepsyscall </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/step_next_continue/stepuntilasm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Stepuntilasm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/step_next_continue/xuntil/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Xuntil </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_21> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_21 id=__nav_4_21_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Windbg </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_21_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_21> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Windbg </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/bc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/bd/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bd </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/be/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Be </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/bl/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bl </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/bp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/da/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Da </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/db/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Db </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/dc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/dd/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dd </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/dds/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dds </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/dq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dq </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/ds/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ds </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/dw/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dw </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/eb/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Eb </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/ed/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ed </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Eq </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/ew/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ew </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/ez/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ez </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/eza/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Eza </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/go/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Go </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/k/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> K </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/ln/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ln </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/pc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../commands/windbg/peb/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Peb </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../functions/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Functions </span> </a> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Functions </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_6> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../configuration/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Configuration </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_6 id=__nav_6_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_6_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_6> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Configuration </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../configuration/config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../configuration/heap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Heap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../configuration/theme/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Theme </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_7 checked> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contributing </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_7 id=__nav_7_label tabindex> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_7_label aria-expanded=true> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_7> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Contributing </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../setup-pwndbg-dev/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Setup Pwndbg for Development </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type=checkbox id=__toc> <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for=__toc> <span class=md-ellipsis> Developer Notes </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <a href=./ class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> <span class=md-ellipsis> Developer Notes </span> </a> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#random-developer-notes class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Random developer notes </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#support-for-multiple-debuggers class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Support for Multiple Debuggers </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Support for Multiple Debuggers"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#the-debugger-api class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> The Debugger API </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#aglib class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> aglib </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#mappings-from-gdb-and-lldb-to-the-debugger-api class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mappings from GDB and LLDB to the Debugger API </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#exception-to-use-of-debugger-agnostic-interfaces class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Exception to use of Debugger-agnostic interfaces </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#porting-public-tools class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Porting public tools </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#minimum-supported-versions class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Minimum Supported Versions </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../writing-tests/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Writing Tests </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../adding-a-command/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Adding a Command </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../adding-a-parameter/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Adding a Configuration Option </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../improving-annotations/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Improving Annotations </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../making-a-gif/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Making a Pwndbg gif </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_8> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_8 id=__nav_8_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tutorials </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_8_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_8> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Tutorials </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/env-vars/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Env vars </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/gdb-lldb-commands/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> GDB vs LLDB </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/gdb-tui/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> GDB TUI </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/go-debugging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Debugging Go with Pwndbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/packaging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Packaging Pwndbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/pwndbg-users/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pwndbg in the wild </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/pycharm-debugging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Debugging with PyCharm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/splitting-the-context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Splitting / Layouting Context </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_8_9> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_8_9 id=__nav_8_9_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Decompiler integration </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_8_9_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_8_9> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Decompiler integration </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/decompiler-integration/binja-integration/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binary Ninja </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/decompiler-integration/ghidra-integration/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ghidra </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/decompiler-integration/ida-integration/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> IDA </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_9 id=__nav_9_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Reference </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Reference </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> pwndbg </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1 id=__nav_9_1_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> pwndbg </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/arguments/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> arguments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/auxv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> auxv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/chain/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> chain </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/decorators/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> decorators </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/enhance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> enhance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/exception/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> exception </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/ghidra/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ghidra </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/glibc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> glibc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/hexdump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hexdump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/log/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> log </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/profiling/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> profiling </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/radare2/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> radare2 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/rizin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rizin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/search/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> search </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/ui/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ui </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_17> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> aglib </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_17 id=__nav_9_1_17_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_17_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_17> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> aglib </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/arch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> arch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/argv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> argv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/asm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> asm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/commpage/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> commpage </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/ctypes/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ctypes </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/dt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/dynamic/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dynamic </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/elf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> elf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/file/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> file </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/godbg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> godbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/macho/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> macho </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/memory/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> memory </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/nearpc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> nearpc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/next/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> next </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/objc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> objc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/onegadget/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> onegadget </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/proc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> proc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/qemu/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> qemu </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/regs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> regs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/remote/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> remote </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/saved_register_frames/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> saved_register_frames </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/shellcode/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> shellcode </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/stack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> stack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/strings/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> strings </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/symbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> symbol </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/tls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> tls </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/typeinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> typeinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/vmmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> vmmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/vmmap_custom/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> vmmap_custom </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_17_31> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> disasm </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_17_31 id=__nav_9_1_17_31_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_17_31_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_17_31> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> disasm </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/aarch64/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> aarch64 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/arch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> arch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/arm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> arm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/disassembly/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> disassembly </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/instruction/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> instruction </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/loongarch64/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> loongarch64 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/mips/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> mips </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/ppc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ppc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/riscv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> riscv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/sparc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> sparc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/disasm/x86/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> x86 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_17_32> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> heap </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_17_32 id=__nav_9_1_17_32_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_17_32_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_17_32> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> heap </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/heap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> heap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/jemalloc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> jemalloc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/mallocng/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> mallocng </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/ptmalloc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ptmalloc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/heap/structs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> structs </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_17_33> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> kernel </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_17_33 id=__nav_9_1_17_33_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_17_33_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_17_33> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> kernel </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/bpf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> bpf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/buddydump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> buddydump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/dmabuf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dmabuf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/kallsyms/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kallsyms </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/kmod/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kmod </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/macros/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> macros </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/nftables/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> nftables </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/paging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> paging </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/rbtree/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rbtree </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/slab/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> slab </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/symbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> symbol </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/aglib/kernel/vmmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> vmmap </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_18> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/color/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> color </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_18 id=__nav_9_1_18_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_18_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_18> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> color </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/color/context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> context </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/color/disasm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> disasm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/color/enhance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> enhance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/color/hexdump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hexdump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/color/memory/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> memory </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/color/message/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> message </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/color/syntax_highlight/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> syntax_highlight </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/color/telescope/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> telescope </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/color/theme/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> theme </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_19> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> commands </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_19 id=__nav_9_1_19_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_19_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_19> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> commands </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/ai/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ai </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/argv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> argv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/aslr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> aslr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/asm/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> asm </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/attachp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> attachp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/auxv/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> auxv </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/binder/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binder </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/binja/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binja </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/binja_functions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binja_functions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/branch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> branch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/buddydump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> buddydump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/canary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> canary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/checksec/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> checksec </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/comments/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> comments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/commpage/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> commpage </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> context </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/cpsr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cpsr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/cyclic/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cyclic </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/cymbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cymbol </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/dev/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dev </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/distance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> distance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/dt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/dumpargs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dumpargs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/elf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> elf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/flags/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> flags </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/gdt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> gdt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/ghidra/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ghidra </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/godbg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> godbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/got/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> got </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/got_tracking/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> got_tracking </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/hex2ptr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hex2ptr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/hexdump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hexdump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/hijack_fd/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hijack_fd </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/ida/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ida </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/ignore/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ignore </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/integration/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> integration </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/ipython_interactive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ipython_interactive </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/jemalloc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> jemalloc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/kbase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kbase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/kbpf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kbpf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/kchecksec/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kchecksec </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/kcmdline/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kcmdline </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/kconfig/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kconfig </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/kdmabuf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kdmabuf </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/kdmesg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kdmesg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/killthreads/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> killthreads </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/klookup/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> klookup </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/kmod/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kmod </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/knft/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> knft </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/ksyscalls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ksyscalls </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/ktask/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ktask </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/kversion/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kversion </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/leakfind/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> leakfind </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/libcinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> libcinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/linkmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> linkmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/mallocng/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> mallocng </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/memoize/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> memoize </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/misc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> misc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/mmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> mmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/mprotect/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> mprotect </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/msr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> msr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/nearpc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> nearpc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/next/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> next </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/onegadget/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> onegadget </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/p2p/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> p2p </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/paging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> paging </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/parse_seccomp/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_seccomp </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/peda/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> peda </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/pie/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pie </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/plist/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> plist </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/probeleak/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> probeleak </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/procinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> procinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/profiler/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> profiler </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/ptmalloc2/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ptmalloc2 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/ptmalloc2_tracking/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ptmalloc2_tracking </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/radare2/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> radare2 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/reload/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> reload </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/retaddr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> retaddr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/rizin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rizin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/rop/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rop </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/ropper/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ropper </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/saved_register_frames/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> saved_register_frames </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/search/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> search </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/segments/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> segments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/sigreturn/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> sigreturn </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/slab/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> slab </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/spray/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> spray </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/start/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/strings/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> strings </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/telescope/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> telescope </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/tips/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> tips </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/tls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> tls </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/valist/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> valist </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/version/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> version </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/vmmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> vmmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/windbg/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> windbg </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/xinfo/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> xinfo </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/commands/xor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> xor </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_20> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> dbg </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_20 id=__nav_9_1_20_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_20_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_20> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> dbg </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_20_2> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/gdb/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> gdb </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_20_2 id=__nav_9_1_20_2_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_20_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_20_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> gdb </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/gdb/debug_sym/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> debug_sym </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/gdb/symbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> symbol </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_20_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> lldb </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_20_3 id=__nav_9_1_20_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_20_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_20_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> lldb </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/hooks/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hooks </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/pset/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pset </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/util/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> util </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_20_3_5> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/repl/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> repl </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_20_3_5 id=__nav_9_1_20_3_5_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=5 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_20_3_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_20_3_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> repl </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/repl/fuzzy/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> fuzzy </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/repl/io/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> io </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/repl/proc/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> proc </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/dbg/lldb/repl/readline/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> readline </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_21> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/emu/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> emu </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_21 id=__nav_9_1_21_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_21_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_21> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> emu </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/emu/emulator/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> emulator </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_22> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> gdblib </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_22 id=__nav_9_1_22_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_22_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_22> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> gdblib </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/bpoint/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> bpoint </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/events/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> events </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/functions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> functions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/got/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> got </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/hooks/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hooks </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/info/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> info </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/prompt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> prompt </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/ptmalloc2_tracking/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ptmalloc2_tracking </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/scheduler/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> scheduler </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/shellcode/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> shellcode </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/symbol/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> symbol </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/vmmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> vmmap </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_22_15> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/tui/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> tui </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_22_15 id=__nav_9_1_22_15_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_22_15_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_22_15> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> tui </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/tui/context/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> context </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/gdblib/tui/control/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> control </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_23> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/integration/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> integration </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_23 id=__nav_9_1_23_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_23_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_23> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> integration </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/integration/binja/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binja </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/integration/ida/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ida </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_24> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> lib </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_24 id=__nav_9_1_24_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_24_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_24> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> lib </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/abi/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> abi </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/android/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> android </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/arch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> arch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/cache/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cache </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/common/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> common </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/elftypes/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> elftypes </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/exception/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> exception </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/funcparser/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> funcparser </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/functions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> functions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/functions_data/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> functions_data </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/memory/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> memory </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/net/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> net </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/pretty_print/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pretty_print </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/regs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> regs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/stdio/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> stdio </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/strings/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> strings </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/tempfile/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> tempfile </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/tips/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> tips </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/version/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> version </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/which/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> which </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/zig/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> zig </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_24_24> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/disasm/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> disasm </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_24_24 id=__nav_9_1_24_24_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_24_24_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_24_24> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> disasm </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/disasm/helpers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> helpers </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_24_25> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/heap/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> heap </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_24_25 id=__nav_9_1_24_25_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_24_25_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_24_25> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> heap </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/heap/helpers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> helpers </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_24_26> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/kernel/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> kernel </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_24_26 id=__nav_9_1_24_26_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=4 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_24_26_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_24_26> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> kernel </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/kernel/kconfig/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> kconfig </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/lib/kernel/structs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> structs </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_9_1_25> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/wrappers/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> wrappers </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_9_1_25 id=__nav_9_1_25_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_9_1_25_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_9_1_25> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> wrappers </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/wrappers/checksec/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> checksec </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../reference/pwndbg/wrappers/readelf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> readelf </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_10> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../blog/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Blog </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_10 id=__nav_10_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_10_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_10> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Blog </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_10_2> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_10_2 id=__nav_10_2_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Archive </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_10_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_10_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Archive </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../blog/archive/2022/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> 2022 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#random-developer-notes class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Random developer notes </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#support-for-multiple-debuggers class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Support for Multiple Debuggers </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Support for Multiple Debuggers"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#the-debugger-api class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> The Debugger API </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#aglib class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> aglib </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#mappings-from-gdb-and-lldb-to-the-debugger-api class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Mappings from GDB and LLDB to the Debugger API </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#exception-to-use-of-debugger-agnostic-interfaces class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Exception to use of Debugger-agnostic interfaces </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#porting-public-tools class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Porting public tools </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#minimum-supported-versions class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Minimum Supported Versions </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <h1 id=developer-notes>Developer Notes<a class=headerlink href=#developer-notes title="Permanent link">¤</a></h1> <h2 id=random-developer-notes>Random developer notes<a class=headerlink href=#random-developer-notes title="Permanent link">¤</a></h2> <p>Feel free to update the list below!</p> <ul> <li> <p>If you want to play with Pwndbg functions under GDB, you can always use GDB's <code>pi</code> which launches python interpreter or just <code>py <some python line></code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>If you want to do the same in LLDB, you should type <code>lldb</code>, followed by <code>script</code>, which brings up an interactive Python REPL. Don't forget to <code>import pwndbg</code>!</p> </li> <li> <p>Do not access debugger-specific functionality - eg. anything that uses the <code>gdb</code>, <code>lldb</code>, or <code>gdblib</code> modules - from outside the proper module in <code>pwndbg.dbg</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Use <code>aglib</code> instead of <code>gdblib</code>, as the latter is <a href=https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg/issues/2489>in the process of being removed</a>. Both modules should have nearly identical interfaces, so doing this should be a matter of typing <code>pwndbg.aglib.X</code> instead of <code>pwndbg.gdblib.X</code>. Ideally, an issue should be opened if there is any functionality present in <code>gdblib</code> that's missing from <code>aglib</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>We have our own <code>pwndbg.config.Parameter</code> - read about it in <a href=../adding-a-parameter/ >Adding a Configuration Option</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p>The dashboard/display/context we are displaying is done by <code>pwndbg/commands/context.py</code> which is invoked through GDB's and LLDB's prompt hook, which are defined, respectively, in <code>pwndbg/gdblib/prompt.py</code> as <code>prompt_hook_on_stop</code>, and in <code>pwndb/dbg/lldb/hooks.py</code> as <code>prompt_hook</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>We change a bit GDB settings - this can be seen in <code>pwndbg/dbg/gdb.py</code> under <code>GDB.setup</code> - there are also imports for all Pwndbg submodules.</p> </li> <li> <p>Pwndbg has its own event system, and thanks to it we can set up code to be invoked in response to them. The event types and the conditions in which they occurr are defined and documented in the <code>EventType</code> enum, and functions are registered to be called on events with the <code>@pwndbg.dbg.event_handler</code> decorator. Both the enum and the decorator are documented in <code>pwndbg/dbg/__init__.py</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>We have a caching mechanism (<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization>"memoization"</a>) which we use through Python's decorators - those are defined in <code>pwndbg/lib/cache.py</code> - just check its usages</p> </li> <li> <p>To block a function before the first prompt was displayed use the <code>pwndbg.decorators.only_after_first_prompt</code> decorator.</p> </li> <li> <p>Memory accesses should be done through <code>pwndbg/aglib/memory.py</code> functions.</p> </li> <li> <p>Process properties can be retrieved thanks to <code>pwndbg/aglib/proc.py</code> - e.g. using <code>pwndbg.aglib.proc.pid</code> will give us current process pid</p> </li> <li> <p>We have a wrapper for handling exceptions that are thrown by commands - defined in <code>pwndbg/exception.py</code> - current approach seems to work fine - by using <code>set exception-verbose on</code> - we get a stacktrace. If we want to debug stuff we can always do <code>set exception-debugger on</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Some of Pwndbg's functionality require us to have an instance of <code>pwndbg.dbg.Value</code> - the problem with that is that there is no way to define our own types in either GDB or LLDB - we have to ask the debugger if it detected a particular type in this particular binary (that sucks). We do that in <code>pwndbg/aglib/typeinfo.py</code> and it works most of the time. The known bug with that is that it might not work properly for Golang binaries compiled with debugging symbols.</p> </li> </ul> <h2 id=support-for-multiple-debuggers>Support for Multiple Debuggers<a class=headerlink href=#support-for-multiple-debuggers title="Permanent link">¤</a></h2> <p>Pwndbg is a tool that supports multiple debuggers, and so using debugger-specific functionality outside of <code>pwndbg.dbg.X</code> is generally discouraged, with one imporant caveat, that we will get into later. When adding code to Pwndbg, one must be careful with the functionality being used.</p> <h3 id=the-debugger-api>The Debugger API<a class=headerlink href=#the-debugger-api title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <p>Our support for multiple debuggers is primarily achieved through use of the Debugger API, found under <code>pwndbg/dbg/</code>, which defines a terse set of debugging primitives that can then be built upon by the rest of Pwndbg. It comprises two parts: the interface, and the implementations. The interface contains the abstract classes and the types that lay out the "shape" of the functionality that may be used by the rest of Pwndbg, and the implementations, well, <em>implement</em> the interface on top of each supported debugger.</p> <p>As a matter of clarity, it makes sense to think of the Debugger API as a debugger-agnostic version of the <code>lldb</code> and <code>gdb</code> Python modules. Compared to both modules, it is much closer in spirit to <code>lldb</code> than to <code>gdb</code>.</p> <p>It is important to note that a lot of care must be exercised when adding things to the Debugger API, as one must always add implementations for all supported debuggers of whatever new functionality is being added, even if only to properly gate off debuggers in which the functionality is not supported. Additionally, it is important to keep the Debugger API interfaces as terse as possible in order to reduce code duplication. As a rule of thumb, if all the implementations of an interface are expected to share code, that interface is probably better suited for <code>aglib</code>, and it should be further broken down into its primitives, which can then be added to the Debugger API.</p> <p>Some examples of debugging primitives are memory reads, memory writes, memory map acquisition, symbol lookup, register reads and writes, and execution frames. These are all things that one can find in both the GDB and LLDB APIs.</p> <p>The entry point for the Debugger API is <code>pwndbg.dbg</code>, though most process-related methods are accessed through a <code>Process</code> object. Unless you really know what you're doing, you're going to want to use the objected yielded by <code>pwndbg.dbg.selected_inferior()</code> for this.</p> <h3 id=aglib><code>aglib</code><a class=headerlink href=#aglib title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <p>Along with the Debugger API, there is also <code>aglib</code>, found under <code>pwndbg/aglib/</code>, in which lives functionality that is both too broad for a single command, and that can be shared between multiple debuggers. Things like QEMU handling, ELF and dynamic section parsing, operating system functionality, disassembly with capstone, heap analysis, and more, all belong in <code>aglib</code>.</p> <p>In order to facilitate the process of porting Pwndbg to the debugger-agnostic interfaces, and also because of its historical roots, <code>aglib</code> is intended to export the exact same functionality provided by <code>gdblib</code>, but on top of a debugger-agnostic foundation.</p> <p>If it helps, one may think of <code>aglib</code> like a <code>pwndbglib</code>. It takes the debugging primitives provided by the Debugger API and builds the more complex and interesting bits of functionality found in Pwndbg on top of them.</p> <h3 id=mappings-from-gdb-and-lldb-to-the-debugger-api>Mappings from GDB and LLDB to the Debugger API<a class=headerlink href=#mappings-from-gdb-and-lldb-to-the-debugger-api title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <p>Here are some things one may want to do, along with how they can be achieved in the GDB, LLDB, and Pwndbg Debugger APIs.</p> <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs=1:3><input checked=checked id=gdb name=__tabbed_1 type=radio><input id=lldb name=__tabbed_1 type=radio><input id=debugger-api name=__tabbed_1 type=radio><div class=tabbed-labels><label for=gdb>GDB</label><label for=lldb>LLDB</label><label for=debugger-api>Debugger API</label></div> <div class=tabbed-content> <div class=tabbed-block> <p>Setting a breakpoint at an address: <div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-0-1><a id=__codelineno-0-1 name=__codelineno-0-1 href=#__codelineno-0-1></a><span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Breakpoint</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s2>"*<address>"</span><span class=p>)</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div> Querying for the address of a symbol: <div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-1-1><a id=__codelineno-1-1 name=__codelineno-1-1 href=#__codelineno-1-1></a><span class=nb>int</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>lookup_symbol</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>name</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>)</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=p>)</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div> Setting a watchpoint at an address: <div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-2-1><a id=__codelineno-2-1 name=__codelineno-2-1 href=#__codelineno-2-1></a><span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>Breakpoint</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=sa>f</span><span class=s2>"(char[</span><span class=si>{</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>size</span><span class=o>></span><span class=si>}</span><span class=s2>])*</span><span class=si>{</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=o>></span><span class=si>}</span><span class=s2>"</span><span class=p>,</span> <span class=n>gdb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>BP_WATCHPOINT</span><span class=p>)</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div></p> </div> <div class=tabbed-block> <p>Setting a breakpoint at an address: <div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-3-1><a id=__codelineno-3-1 name=__codelineno-3-1 href=#__codelineno-3-1></a><span class=n>lldb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>target</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>BreakpointCreateByAddress</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>)</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div> Querying for the address of a symbol: <div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-4-1><a id=__codelineno-4-1 name=__codelineno-4-1 href=#__codelineno-4-1></a><span class=n>lldb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>target</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>FindSymbols</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>name</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>)</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>GetContextAtIndex</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=mi>0</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>symbol</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>GetStartAddress</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>GetLoadAddress</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>lldb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>target</span><span class=p>)</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div> Setting a watchpoint at an address: <div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-5-1><a id=__codelineno-5-1 name=__codelineno-5-1 href=#__codelineno-5-1></a><span class=n>lldb</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>target</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>WatchAddress</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>,</span> <span class=o><</span><span class=n>size</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>,</span> <span class=o>...</span><span class=p>)</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div></p> </div> <div class=tabbed-block> <p><div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-6-1><a id=__codelineno-6-1 name=__codelineno-6-1 href=#__codelineno-6-1></a><span class=c1># Fetch a Process object on which we will operate.</span>
|
|
|
</span><span id=__span-6-2><a id=__codelineno-6-2 name=__codelineno-6-2 href=#__codelineno-6-2></a><span class=n>inf</span> <span class=o>=</span> <span class=n>pwndbg</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>dbg</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>selected_inferior</span><span class=p>()</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div> Setting a breakpoint at an address: <div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-7-1><a id=__codelineno-7-1 name=__codelineno-7-1 href=#__codelineno-7-1></a><span class=n>inf</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>break_at</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>BreakpointLocation</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>))</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div> Querying for the address of a symbol: <div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-8-1><a id=__codelineno-8-1 name=__codelineno-8-1 href=#__codelineno-8-1></a><span class=n>inf</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>lookup_symbol</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>name</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>)</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div> Setting a watchpoint at an address: <div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-9-1><a id=__codelineno-9-1 name=__codelineno-9-1 href=#__codelineno-9-1></a><span class=n>inf</span><span class=o>.</span><span class=n>break_at</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>WatchpointLocation</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>,</span> <span class=o><</span><span class=n>size</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>))</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div></p> </div> </div> </div> <h3 id=exception-to-use-of-debugger-agnostic-interfaces>Exception to use of Debugger-agnostic interfaces<a class=headerlink href=#exception-to-use-of-debugger-agnostic-interfaces title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3> <p>Some commands might not make any sense outside the context of a single debugger. For these commands, it is generally okay to talk to the debugger directly. However, they must be properly marked as debugger-specific and their loading must be properly gated off behind the correct debugger. They should ideally be placed in a separate location from the rest of the commands in <code>pwndbg/commands/</code>.</p> <h2 id=porting-public-tools>Porting public tools<a class=headerlink href=#porting-public-tools title="Permanent link">¤</a></h2> <p>If porting a public tool to Pwndbg, please make a point of crediting the original author. This can be added to <a href=https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg/blob/dev/CREDITS.md>CREDITS.md</a> noting the original author/inspiration, and linking to the original tool/article. Also please be sure that the license of the original tool is suitable to porting into Pwndbg, such as MIT.</p> <h2 id=minimum-supported-versions>Minimum Supported Versions<a class=headerlink href=#minimum-supported-versions title="Permanent link">¤</a></h2> <p>Our goal is to fully support all Ubuntu LTS releases that have not reached end-of-life, with support for other platforms on a best-effort basis. Currently that means all code should work on Ubuntu 22.04, and 24.04 with GDB 12.1 and later. This means that the minimum supported Python version is 3.10, and we cannot use any newer Python features unless those features are backported to this minimum version.</p> <p>Note that while all code should run without errors on these supported LTS versions, it's fine if older versions don't support all of the features of newer versions, as long as this is handled correctly and this information is shown to the user. For example, we may make use of some GDB APIs in newer versions that we aren't able to provide alternative implementations for in older versions, and so in these cases we should inform the user that the functionality can't be provided due to the version of GDB.</p> <p>The <code>lint.sh</code> script described in the previous section runs <a href=https://github.com/netromdk/vermin><code>vermin</code></a> to ensure that our code does not use any features that aren't supported on Python 3.10.</p> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> Made with <a href=https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/ target=_blank rel=noopener> Material for MkDocs </a> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href=https://github.com/pwndbg target=_blank rel=noopener title=github.com class=md-social__link> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.0.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path fill=currentColor d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href=https://pypi.org/project/pwndbg/ target=_blank rel=noopener title=pypi.org class=md-social__link> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.0.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path fill=currentColor d="M439.8 200.5c-7.7-30.9-22.3-54.2-53.4-54.2h-40.1v47.4c0 36.8-31.2 67.8-66.8 67.8H172.7c-29.2 0-53.4 25-53.4 54.3v101.8c0 29 25.2 46 53.4 54.3 33.8 9.9 66.3 11.7 106.8 0 26.9-7.8 53.4-23.5 53.4-54.3v-40.7H226.2v-13.6h160.2c31.1 0 42.6-21.7 53.4-54.2 11.2-33.5 10.7-65.7 0-108.6M286.2 444.7a20.4 20.4 0 1 1 0-40.7 20.4 20.4 0 1 1 0 40.7M167.8 248.1h106.8c29.7 0 53.4-24.5 53.4-54.3V91.9c0-29-24.4-50.7-53.4-55.6-35.8-5.9-74.7-5.6-106.8.1-45.2 8-53.4 24.7-53.4 55.6v40.7h106.9v13.6h-147c-31.1 0-58.3 18.7-66.8 54.2-9.8 40.7-10.2 66.1 0 108.6 7.6 31.6 25.7 54.2 56.8 54.2H101v-48.8c0-35.3 30.5-66.4 66.8-66.4m-6.6-183.4a20.4 20.4 0 1 1 0 40.8 20.4 20.4 0 1 1 0-40.8"/></svg> </a> <a href=https://discord.gg/x47DssnGwm target=_blank rel=noopener title=discord.gg class=md-social__link> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 576 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.0.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path fill=currentColor d="M492.5 69.8c-.2-.3-.4-.6-.8-.7-38.1-17.5-78.4-30-119.7-37.1-.4-.1-.8 0-1.1.1s-.6.4-.8.8c-5.5 9.9-10.5 20.2-14.9 30.6-44.6-6.8-89.9-6.8-134.4 0-4.5-10.5-9.5-20.7-15.1-30.6-.2-.3-.5-.6-.8-.8s-.7-.2-1.1-.2C162.5 39 122.2 51.5 84.1 69c-.3.1-.6.4-.8.7C7.1 183.5-13.8 294.6-3.6 404.2c0 .3.1.5.2.8s.3.4.5.6c44.4 32.9 94 58 146.8 74.2.4.1.8.1 1.1 0s.7-.4.9-.7c11.3-15.4 21.4-31.8 30-48.8.1-.2.2-.5.2-.8s0-.5-.1-.8-.2-.5-.4-.6-.4-.3-.7-.4c-15.8-6.1-31.2-13.4-45.9-21.9-.3-.2-.5-.4-.7-.6s-.3-.6-.3-.9 0-.6.2-.9.3-.5.6-.7c3.1-2.3 6.2-4.7 9.1-7.1.3-.2.6-.4.9-.4s.7 0 1 .1c96.2 43.9 200.4 43.9 295.5 0 .3-.1.7-.2 1-.2s.7.2.9.4c2.9 2.4 6 4.9 9.1 7.2.2.2.4.4.6.7s.2.6.2.9-.1.6-.3.9-.4.5-.6.6c-14.7 8.6-30 15.9-45.9 21.8-.2.1-.5.2-.7.4s-.3.4-.4.7-.1.5-.1.8.1.5.2.8c8.8 17 18.8 33.3 30 48.8.2.3.6.6.9.7s.8.1 1.1 0c52.9-16.2 102.6-41.3 147.1-74.2.2-.2.4-.4.5-.6s.2-.5.2-.8c12.3-126.8-20.5-236.9-86.9-334.5zm-302 267.7c-29 0-52.8-26.6-52.8-59.2s23.4-59.2 52.8-59.2c29.7 0 53.3 26.8 52.8 59.2 0 32.7-23.4 59.2-52.8 59.2m195.4 0c-29 0-52.8-26.6-52.8-59.2s23.4-59.2 52.8-59.2c29.7 0 53.3 26.8 52.8 59.2 0 32.7-23.2 59.2-52.8 59.2"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class=md-dialog data-md-component=dialog> <div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div> </div> <div class=md-progress data-md-component=progress role=progressbar></div> <script id=__config type=application/json>{"base": "../..", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "navigation.instant", "navigation.instant.progress", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.sections", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top", "search.suggest", "search.share", "content.tabs.link"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.973d3a69.min.js", "tags": null, "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}, "version": {"provider": "mike"}}</script> <script src=../../assets/javascripts/bundle.92b07e13.min.js></script> <script src=../../js/prompt-highlighter.js></script> </body> </html> |
