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Dump apple commpage (#3263)

Browse Source 
* init

* fixy

* commpage

* fix

* fix gen docs

* add docs

* add comments

* fix pretty_bytes

* `get_commpage_mappings` add checking if address is readable
pull/3268/head
patryk4815 4 months ago committed by GitHub
parent a809621ea2
commit da41ee6408
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG Key ID: B5690EEEBB952194
7 changed files with 332 additions and 1 deletions
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18
docs/commands/darwin_libsystem_mach-o/commpage.md
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@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
<!-- THIS PART OF THIS FILE IS AUTOGENERATED. DO NOT MODIFY IT. See scripts/generate-docs.sh -->
# commpage
```text
usage: commpage [-h] [-v]
```
Dumps all values from the macOS commpage.
### Optional arguments
|Short|Long|Help|
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
|-h|--help|show this help message and exit|
|-v|--verbose|Print detailed information.|
<!-- END OF AUTOGENERATED PART. Do not modify this line or the line below, they mark the end of the auto-generated part of the file. If you want to extend the documentation in a way which cannot easily be done by adding to the command help description, write below the following line. -->
<!-- ------------\>8---- ----\>8---- ----\>8------------ -->

4
docs/commands/index.md
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@ -23,6 +23,10 @@
- [contextwatch](context/contextwatch.md) - Adds an expression to be shown on context.
- [regs](context/regs.md) - Print out all registers and enhance the information.
## Darwin/libsystem/Mach-O
- [commpage](darwin_libsystem_mach-o/commpage.md) - Dumps all values from the macOS commpage.
## Developer
- [dev-dump-instruction](developer/dev-dump-instruction.md) - Dump internal PwndbgInstruction attributes.

247
pwndbg/aglib/commpage.py
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from __future__ import annotations
import os
import struct
from typing import Any
from typing import NamedTuple
from typing import Tuple
import pwndbg
import pwndbg.aglib.memory
import pwndbg.commands
import pwndbg.lib.cache
import pwndbg.lib.memory
from pwndbg.lib.arch import Platform
rw_flags = os.R_OK | os.W_OK
ro_flags = os.R_OK
# docs: https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg/issues/3261
_comm_start_page_rw = {
"i386": 0xFFFF0000,
"x86-64": 0x00007FFFFFE00000,
"arm": 0xFFFF4000,
"aarch64": 0x0000000FFFFFC000,
}
_comm_start_page_ro = {
"arm": 0xFFFFC000,
"aarch64": 0x0000000FFFFF4000,
}
_comm_max_size = 0xFFF
class CommPageField(NamedTuple):
flags: int
ctype: str
name: str
offset: int
desc: str
fmt: str
def is_undocumented(self):
return "UNDOCUMENTED" in self.name
def is_unused(self):
return "UNUSED" in self.name
def is_readonly(self):
return self.flags == ro_flags
def real_addr(self) -> int:
if self.is_readonly():
page_start = _comm_start_page_ro[pwndbg.aglib.arch.name]
else:
page_start = _comm_start_page_rw[pwndbg.aglib.arch.name]
return page_start + self.offset
def real_size(self) -> int:
return struct.calcsize(self.fmt)
def unpack(self) -> Any:
addr = self.real_addr()
size = self.real_size()
try:
data = pwndbg.aglib.memory.read(addr, size)
val = struct.unpack(self.fmt, data)[0]
except pwndbg.dbg_mod.Error as e:
val = f"<cannot read> ({e})"
return val
# fmt: off
# docs: https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg/issues/3261
# docs: https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/xnu/blob/e3723e1f17661b24996789d8afc084c0c3303b26/osfmk/arm/cpu_capabilities.h#L279-L384
_fields_arm = (
CommPageField(rw_flags, "?", "COMM_PAGE_SIGNATURE", 0x000, "First few bytes contain a signature", "16s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_CPU_CAPABILITIES64", 0x010, "CPU capabilities (64-bit)", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "?", "COMM_PAGE_UNUSED", 0x018, "Unused bytes", "6s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint16", "COMM_PAGE_VERSION", 0x01E, "16-bit version number", "H"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint16", "COMM_PAGE_CPU_CAPABILITIES", 0x020, "CPU capabilities (32-bit)", "H"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_NCPUS", 0x022, "Number of configured CPUs", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_USER_PAGE_SHIFT_32_LEGACY", 0x024, "VM page shift for 32-bit processes (legacy)", "B"),
CommPageField(ro_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_USER_PAGE_SHIFT_32", 0x024, "VM page shift for 32-bit processes", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_USER_PAGE_SHIFT_64_LEGACY", 0x025, "VM page shift for 64-bit processes (legacy)", "B"),
CommPageField(ro_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_USER_PAGE_SHIFT_64", 0x025, "VM page shift for 64-bit processes", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint16", "COMM_PAGE_CACHE_LINESIZE", 0x026, "Cache line size", "H"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_UNUSED4", 0x028, "Unused (was scheduler generation number)", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_UNUSED3", 0x02C, "Unused (was max spin count for mutexes)", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_CPU_CLUSTERS", 0x02F, "Number of CPU clusters", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_MEMORY_PRESSURE", 0x030, "Copy of VM memory pressure", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_ACTIVE_CPUS", 0x034, "Number of active CPUs", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_PHYSICAL_CPUS", 0x035, "Number of physical CPUs", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_LOGICAL_CPUS", 0x036, "Number of logical CPUs", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_KERNEL_PAGE_SHIFT_LEGACY", 0x037, "Kernel VM page shift (legacy)", "B"),
CommPageField(ro_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_KERNEL_PAGE_SHIFT", 0x037, "Kernel VM page shift", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_MEMORY_SIZE", 0x038, "Maximum memory size", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "struct commpage_timeofday_data_t", "COMM_PAGE_TIMEOFDAY_DATA", 0x040, "Time-of-day data, gettimeofday() (legacy, 40 bytes)", "40s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_CPUFAMILY", 0x080, "CPU family used by memcpy() resolver", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_DEV_FIRM_LEGACY", 0x084, "handle on PE_i_can_has_debugger (legacy)", "I"),
CommPageField(ro_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_DEV_FIRM", 0x084, "handle on PE_i_can_has_debugger", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_TIMEBASE_OFFSET", 0x088, "Timebase offset for mach_absolute_time()", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_USER_TIMEBASE", 0x090, "Is userspace mach_absolute_time supported", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_CONT_HWCLOCK", 0x091, "Always-on hardware clock presence for mach_continuous_time()", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_DTRACE_DOF_ENABLED", 0x092, "DTrace DOF enable flag", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "?", "COMM_PAGE_UNUSED0", 0x093, "Unused bytes", "5s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_CONT_TIMEBASE", 0x098, "Base for mach_continuous_time() relative to mach_absolute_time()", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_BOOTTIME_USEC", 0x0A0, "boottime in microseconds", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_CONT_HW_TIMEBASE", 0x0A8, "Base for mach_continuous_time() relative to hardware counter", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_APPROX_TIME", 0x0C0, "Last known mach_absolute_time()", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_APPROX_TIME_SUPPORTED", 0x0C8, "Is mach_approximate_time supported", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "?", "COMM_PAGE_UNUSED1", 0x0D9, "Unused (padding to align cacheline)", "39s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_KDEBUG_ENABLE", 0x100, "Kdebug status bits exported to userspace", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_ATM_DIAGNOSTIC_CONFIG", 0x104, "atm_diagnostic_config exported to userspace", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_MULTIUSER_CONFIG", 0x108, "multiuser_config exported to userspace", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_JIT_WRITE_PROTECT", 0x10c, "Is jit_write_protect_supported_np", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "struct new_commpage_timeofday_data_t", "COMM_PAGE_NEWTIMEOFDAY_DATA", 0x120, "gettimeofday(), struct new_commpage_timeofday_data_t (40 bytes)", "40s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "struct bt_params", "COMM_PAGE_REMOTETIME_PARAMS", 0x148, "mach_bridge_remote_time(), struct bt_params (24 bytes)", "24s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_DYLD_FLAGS", 0x160, "Dyld system flags kern.dyld_system_flags exported to userspace", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_CPU_QUIESCENT_COUNTER", 0x180, "CPU quiescent counter", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "?", "COMM_PAGE_CUSTOM2", 0x188, "Unused CPU quiescent counter (120 bytes reserved)", "120s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "?", "COMM_PAGE_CPU_TO_CLUSTER", 0x200, "CPU ID to cluster ID mappings (256 bytes reserved)", "256s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_ASB_TARGET_VALUE", 0x320, "Random target value for security bounty", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_ASB_TARGET_ADDRESS", 0x328, "Random target address for security bounty", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_ASB_TARGET_KERN_VALUE", 0x330, "Random kernel value for security bounty", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_ASB_TARGET_KERN_ADDRESS", 0x338, "Random kernel target address for security bounty", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_APT_MSG_POLICY", 0x340, "APT message policy APT_MSG", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_APT_ACTIVE", 0x341, "APT active status (infrequently mutated)", "B"),
)
# docs: https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg/issues/3261
# docs: https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/xnu/blob/e3723e1f17661b24996789d8afc084c0c3303b26/osfmk/i386/cpu_capabilities.h#L185-L248
_fields_x86 = (
CommPageField(rw_flags, "?", "COMM_PAGE_SIGNATURE", 0x000, "First 16 bytes contain a signature", "16s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_CPU_CAPABILITIES64", 0x010, "CPU capabilities (64-bit)", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "?", "COMM_PAGE_UNUSED", 0x018, "Unused bytes", "6s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint16", "COMM_PAGE_VERSION", 0x01E, "16-bit version number", "H"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint16", "COMM_PAGE_CPU_CAPABILITIES", 0x020, "CPU capabilities (32-bit, retained for compatibility)", "H"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_NCPUS", 0x022, "Number of configured CPUs (hw.logicalcpu at boot time)", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_UNUSED0", 0x024, "Unused bytes (previously reserved for cpu_capabilities expansion)", "2s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint16", "COMM_PAGE_CACHE_LINESIZE", 0x026, "Cache line size", "H"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_UNUSED4", 0x028, "Unused (was scheduler generation number)", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_MEMORY_PRESSURE", 0x02C, "Copy of VM memory pressure", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_UNUSED3", 0x030, "Unused (was max spin count for mutexes)", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_ACTIVE_CPUS", 0x034, "Number of active CPUs", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_PHYSICAL_CPUS", 0x035, "Number of physical CPUs", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_LOGICAL_CPUS", 0x036, "Number of logical CPUs", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_CPU_CLUSTERS", 0x037, "Number of CPU clusters", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_MEMORY_SIZE", 0x038, "Maximum memory size", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_CPUFAMILY", 0x040, "CPU family (hw.cpufamily, x86)", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_KDEBUG_ENABLE", 0x044, "Kdebug enable exported to userspace", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_ATM_DIAGNOSTIC_CONFIG", 0x048, "ATM diagnostic configuration exported to userspace", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_DTRACE_DOF_ENABLED", 0x04C, "DTrace DOF enable flag", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_KERNEL_PAGE_SHIFT", 0x04D, "Kernel VM page shift (version >=14)", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_USER_PAGE_SHIFT_64", 0x04E, "User VM page shift (version >=14)", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_UNUSED2", 0x04F, "Unused", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_TIME_DATA_START", 0x050, "Base for time-related offsets", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_NT_TSC_BASE", 0x050, "Nanotime TSC base", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_NT_SCALE", 0x058, "Nanotime scale", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_NT_SHIFT", 0x05C, "Nanotime shift", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_NT_NS_BASE", 0x060, "Nanotime nanosecond base", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_NT_GENERATION", 0x068, "Nanotime generation counter", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint32", "COMM_PAGE_GTOD_GENERATION", 0x06C, "Gettimeofday generation counter", "I"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_GTOD_NS_BASE", 0x070, "Gettimeofday nanosecond base", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_GTOD_SEC_BASE", 0x078, "Gettimeofday second base", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_APPROX_TIME", 0x080, "Used by mach_approximate_time()", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint8", "COMM_PAGE_APPROX_TIME_SUPPORTED", 0x088, "Flag if mach_approximate_time() is supported", "B"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_CONT_TIMEBASE", 0x0C0, "Base for mach_continuous_time()", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_BOOTTIME_USEC", 0x0C8, "Boot time in microseconds", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "struct new_commpage_timeofday_data_t", "COMM_PAGE_NEWTIMEOFDAY_DATA", 0x0D0, "New time-of-day data (40 bytes)", "40s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_DYLD_FLAGS", 0x100, "Dyld system flags exported to userspace", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "?", "COMM_PAGE_CPU_TO_CLUSTER", 0x108, "CPU ID to cluster ID mappings (256 bytes reserved)", "256s"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_ASB_TARGET_VALUE", 0x320, "Random target value for security bounty", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_ASB_TARGET_ADDRESS", 0x328, "Random target address for security bounty", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_ASB_TARGET_KERN_VALUE", 0x330, "Random kernel value for security bounty", "Q"),
CommPageField(rw_flags, "uint64", "COMM_PAGE_ASB_TARGET_KERN_ADDRESS", 0x338, "Random kernel target address for security bounty", "Q"),
)
# fmt: on
def _comm_fix_gaps(fields: Tuple[CommPageField, ...]) -> Tuple[CommPageField, ...]:
fixed_fields = []
prev_endaddr = 0
for comm in fields:
if comm.is_readonly():
fixed_fields.append(comm)
continue
curr_addr = comm.offset
if (gap_size := (curr_addr - prev_endaddr)) > 0:
gap_addr = prev_endaddr
fixed_fields.append(
CommPageField(
rw_flags,
f"? uint{gap_size * 8}",
"GAP UNDOCUMENTED",
gap_addr,
"",
f"{gap_size}s",
)
)
fixed_fields.append(comm)
prev_endaddr = curr_addr + comm.real_size()
if (gap_size := (_comm_max_size - prev_endaddr)) > 0:
gap_addr = prev_endaddr
fixed_fields.append(
CommPageField(
rw_flags, f"? uint{gap_size * 8}", "GAP UNDOCUMENTED", gap_addr, "", f"{gap_size}s"
)
)
return tuple(fixed_fields)
_comm_fields = {
"i386": _comm_fix_gaps(_fields_x86),
"x86-64": _comm_fix_gaps(_fields_x86),
"arm": _comm_fix_gaps(_fields_arm),
"aarch64": _comm_fix_gaps(_fields_arm),
}
def get_commpage_fields() -> Tuple[CommPageField, ...]:
if pwndbg.aglib.arch.platform != Platform.DARWIN:
return ()
return _comm_fields.get(pwndbg.aglib.arch.name, ())
@pwndbg.lib.cache.cache_until("start")
def get_commpage_mappings() -> Tuple[pwndbg.lib.memory.Page, ...]:
if pwndbg.aglib.arch.platform != Platform.DARWIN:
return ()
start_rw = _comm_start_page_rw.get(pwndbg.aglib.arch.name, None)
if start_rw is None or not pwndbg.aglib.memory.peek(start_rw):
return ()
start_ro = _comm_start_page_ro.get(pwndbg.aglib.arch.name, None)
if start_ro is None or not pwndbg.aglib.memory.peek(start_ro):
return (pwndbg.lib.memory.Page(start_rw, _comm_max_size, rw_flags, 0, "[commpage]"),)
return (
pwndbg.lib.memory.Page(start_ro, _comm_max_size, ro_flags, 0, "[commpage]"),
pwndbg.lib.memory.Page(start_rw, _comm_max_size, rw_flags, 0, "[commpage]"),
)

2
pwndbg/commands/__init__.py
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@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ class CommandCategory(str, Enum):
REGISTER = "Register"
PROCESS = "Process"
LINUX = "Linux/libc/ELF"
DARWIN = "Darwin/libsystem/Mach-O"
DISASS = "Disassemble"
MISC = "Misc"
KERNEL = "Kernel"
@ -899,6 +900,7 @@ def load_commands() -> None:
import pwndbg.commands.canary
import pwndbg.commands.checksec
import pwndbg.commands.comments
import pwndbg.commands.commpage
import pwndbg.commands.config
import pwndbg.commands.context
import pwndbg.commands.cpsr

55
pwndbg/commands/commpage.py
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@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
from rich.console import Console
from rich.table import Table
import pwndbg
import pwndbg.aglib.commpage
import pwndbg.commands
from pwndbg.commands import CommandCategory
def pretty_bytes(data: bytes) -> str:
if not data:
return "b''"
if len(set(data)) == 1 and len(data) > 1:
return f"b'\\x{data[0]:02x}' <repeats {len(data)} times>"
return repr(data)
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Dumps all values from the macOS commpage.")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", help="Print detailed information.")
@pwndbg.commands.Command(parser, category=CommandCategory.DARWIN)
def commpage(verbose: bool = False):
table = Table()
table.add_column("Name", style="cyan", no_wrap=True)
table.add_column("Address", style="magenta", no_wrap=True)
table.add_column("Type", style="magenta", no_wrap=True)
table.add_column("Value", style="green", overflow="fold")
if verbose:
table.add_column("Description", style="yellow", overflow="fold")
for comm in pwndbg.aglib.commpage.get_commpage_fields():
val = comm.unpack()
style = None
if comm.is_undocumented():
style = "red"
if comm.is_unused():
style = "yellow"
if isinstance(val, bytes):
val = pretty_bytes(val)
rows = [comm.name, hex(comm.real_addr()), comm.ctype, str(val)]
if verbose:
rows.append(comm.desc)
table.add_row(*rows, style=style)
Console().print(table)

5
pwndbg/dbg/lldb/__init__.py
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@ -889,8 +889,13 @@ class LLDBProcess(pwndbg.dbg_mod.Process):
@override
def vmmap(self) -> pwndbg.dbg_mod.MemoryMap:
from pwndbg.aglib.commpage import get_commpage_mappings
pages = self.get_known_pages()
if pages:
pages.extend(get_commpage_mappings())
pages.sort()
return LLDBMemoryMap(pages)
from pwndbg.aglib.kernel.vmmap import kernel_vmmap

2
scripts/_docs/command_docs_common.py
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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def category_to_folder_name(category) -> str:
folder = re.sub(r"[ /]", "_", folder) # replace all spaces and / with _
# Don't allow wacky characters for folder names. If you hit this assert, feel free
# to update the regex above to sanitize the category name.
assert all(c.isalnum() or c == "_" for c in folder)
assert all(c.isalnum() or c in ("_", "-") for c in folder), f"Error folder={folder}"
return folder

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